--- title: "Private LEO and cisLunar Crewed Spaceflight Missions from the Past to the Future" id: 21430 type: "post" slug: "history-of-private-leo-and-cis-lunar-spaceflight-missions" author: "NSE" published: "2022-10-03T15:00:00+00:00" modified: "2025-06-22T16:51:40+00:00" canonical: "https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/10/03/history-of-private-leo-and-cis-lunar-spaceflight-missions/" markdown_url: "https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/10/03/history-of-private-leo-and-cis-lunar-spaceflight-missions.md" description: "Private space tourism missions to LEO and the Moon are now a reality. Anyone who can afford it, can be an astronaut. This article examines the past and the…" language: "en-US" category: - "Earth" - "Moon" - "Space Economy" - "Space Tourism Market" - "Timelines" post_tag: - "Cislunar" - "Commercial Market" - "Human Spaceflight" - "Space Stations" - "Spacecraft" - "Spaceflight" - "SpaceX" --- # Private LEO and cisLunar Crewed Spaceflight Missions from the Past to the Future This article provides a timeline of past, planned and proposed private LEO and cisLunar crewed spaceflight missions. For information on space stations see [Space Stations Current and Future](https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/09/21/space-stations-current-and-future/). For information on crewed spaceflight vehicles see [Crewed Spacecraft from the Past to the Future](https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/09/17/timeline-of-crewed-spacecraft-from-the-past-to-the-future/). .cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body .story-time p{color: #333;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .story-time p{color: #333;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body::before{background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(230, 230, 230, 0) 0%, #D91B3E 10%, #D91B3E 90%, rgba(230, 230, 230, 0) 100%);}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .timeline-content::before{background: #D91B3E;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .timeline-content::after{background: #D91B3E;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 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.timeline-content .position-left .story-details::before{border-left-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body.one-sided.left .timeline-content .story-details::before{border-right-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body.one-sided.right .timeline-content .story-details::before{border-left-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body .timeline-content .story-details{border-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .timeline-content .ctl-row .ctl-6.timeline-block-detail::before{border-bottom-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .ctl-6.timeline-block-detail{border-top-color: #D91B3E !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-vertical-timeline-body .timeline-content .timeline-block-icon{border-color: #D91B3EFF !important;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .swiper-button-next{color: #D91B3E;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .swiper-button-prev{color: #D91B3E;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .cool-horizontal-timeline-body .swiper-pagination-bullet-active{background: #D91B3E;}.cool-timeline-block-4aa58a22-800b-44d6-aaa0-c2fa83d934f7 .icon-true .timeline-block-icon span.timeline-block-render-icon svg{fill: white;} September 2021 ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/773BB1E3-5041-4CC0-8821-A19133C92B63.png?fit=1536%2C1024&quality=80&ssl=1) ### [Inspiration4](https://inspiration4.com/) Crew Dragon LEO 2 days and 23 hours mission duration 4 customers First orbital flight with all civilian crew April 2022 ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/56268036-7C8B-4560-A01B-447E772EBFBC.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [Axiom Ax-1](https://www.axiomspace.com/ax1) Crew Dragon LEO ISS destination 17 days mission duration 1 Axiom employee and 3 customers First all civilian crew to visit the ISS [25 experiments performed while resident on ISS](https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/08/04/what-science-did-the-axiom-mission-1-perform-while-on-the-iss/) March 2023E ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/img_9381.jpg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [Polaris Dawn](https://polarisprogram.com/) Crew Dragon LEO 5 days mission duration 2 [SpaceX](https://www.spacex.com/) employees and 2 customers First private spacewalk Highest Earth orbit ever flown 2023E ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AAA1E32B-0A51-48C9-91AD-D774FC071C6C.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [Axiom Ax-2](https://www.axiomspace.com/missions/ax2) Crew Dragon LEO ISS destination 12 days mission duration 1 Axiom employee and 3 paying customers 2023E ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AAA1E32B-0A51-48C9-91AD-D774FC071C6C.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### Axiom Ax-3 Crew Dragon LEO ISS destination 1 Axiom employee and 3 customers 2023/2024E ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AAA1E32B-0A51-48C9-91AD-D774FC071C6C.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### Axiom Ax-4 Crew Dragon LEO ISS destination 1 Axiom employee and 3 customers 2023E ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/1B6AC4E8-3369-4FEB-976E-5A90876E5680.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [dearMoon](https://dearmoon.earth/) Starship cisLunar 6 days duration 1 – 2 [SpaceX](https://www.spacex.com/) employees and 9 customers First all civilian mission to visit the moon No Forecast ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/F2486212-2F10-4067-ADBF-E7F57EFCB9FA.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### Axiom Ax-n Crew Dragon or Starliner LEO ISS or Commercial Space Station destination 1 Axiom employee and 3 customers No Forecast ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/AA7691C5-9460-4059-809F-2275F7257C06.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### Polaris Mission 2 Crew Dragon [Possible Hubble telescope reboost mission](https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/30/nasa-spacex-hubble-telescope/) No Forecast ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/3D08FCCE-157A-44E1-9834-BA1424B4C062.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### Polaris Mission 3 Starship To be announced No Forecast ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/352ED0DB-55EC-4791-BCA7-705BDC2B1B5A.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [SpaceX All Civilian Moon Flight](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-10-12/spacex-to-fly-first-space-tourist-dennis-tito-around-the-moon) Starship cisLunar 6 days duration Dennis Tito and wife +10 additional passengers/crew Second all civilian mission to visit the moon Orbital Destinations ![](https://i0.wp.com/newspaceeconomy.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/AC056AA4-7F8C-4E7C-8592-91E8AE004808.jpeg?w=696&ssl=1) ### [Space Stations Current and Future](https://newspaceeconomy.ca/2022/09/21/space-stations-current-and-future/)