The “edge” in edge computing generally refers to the computing infrastructure that is located closer to the data source or the user, as opposed to centralized computing systems where data processing occurs in distant data centers. In the context of Earth observation, edge computing functionality can be situated in several locations depending on the architecture and requirements of the system.
Onboard Satellites
In Earth observation systems that use satellites, edge computing capabilities can be integrated directly into the satellites themselves. This allows for preliminary data processing and analysis to occur in orbit, reducing the amount of data that needs to be transmitted back to Earth, thereby saving bandwidth and reducing latency.
Ground Stations
Ground stations that receive satellite data can also be equipped with edge computing capabilities. This enables immediate processing and analysis of data as it is received, facilitating real-time decision-making for applications like defense, weather forecasting and disaster management.
Drones and Airborne Platforms
In the case of drones or other airborne platforms used for Earth observation, edge computing systems can be onboarded to process data in real-time during flight. This is particularly useful in applications like environmental monitoring where immediate data analysis is necessary.
Sensor Nodes
Earth observation often employs ground-based or sea-based sensors to collect data. These sensors can be equipped with edge computing functionalities to process data locally before sending it to a centralized system. This is beneficial in remote or difficult-to-access locations where communication to a central data center might be limited or costly.
Mobile and Portable Devices
For more dynamic and adaptable Earth observation setups, mobile devices and portable units can also be equipped with edge computing capabilities. These devices can be used in field operations for activities like data collection and immediate analysis, allowing for quick decision-making on-site.
Network Gateway or Aggregator
In some architectures, a network gateway or aggregator located between the data source and the data center can have edge computing capabilities. These gateways can perform tasks like data filtering, aggregation, and preliminary analysis before sending the data to a central server for more in-depth processing.
Fog Nodes
In more complex architectures, a series of fog nodes, which are intermediary computing resources between the edge and the cloud, can also carry out edge computing functions. These fog nodes can handle more substantial data processing tasks than individual edge devices but are still closer to the data source than a centralized data center, offering a balanced approach.
Summary
The edge computing functionality in Earth observation systems can be located at various points in the network, depending on the specific requirements and architecture of the system. Whether it’s onboard satellites, at ground stations, or integrated into drones, sensors, and mobile devices, the primary goal is to bring computational power closer to the data source for quicker and more efficient processing and analysis.
