Since the dawn of the Space Age, humanity has embarked on a journey to explore the vast reaches of our solar system. The exploration of space is a testament to human ingenuity and determination, pushing the boundaries of science, technology, and international cooperation. Over the years, numerous countries and private entities have launched spacecraft to probe the mysteries of the Moon, planets, asteroids, and other celestial bodies.
A Historical Overview
The first successful mission was the launch of the Soviet Union’s Sputnik 1 in 1957, which marked the beginning of humanity’s exploration beyond Earth. This was followed by the U.S. Explorer 1 mission, both of which orbited Earth and laid the foundation for future space missions. These early ventures were aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of space travel and gathering basic scientific data about Earth’s immediate environment.
The 1960s and 1970s saw a dramatic increase in the ambition of space missions. NASA’s Apollo program, which culminated in the first crewed lunar landing in 1969, stands as one of the crowning achievements of this period. At the same time, the Soviet Luna and Venera missions demonstrated the capability of robotic landers on both the Moon and Venus.
Broadening Horizons
The subsequent decades saw space agencies from around the world expanding their reach. NASA’s Viking missions became the first to successfully land on Mars in the 1970s, while the Voyager spacecraft provided breathtaking images and data from the outer planets, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union continued to advance its planetary exploration program, most notably with the Venera missions, which provided the first images from the surface of Venus.
With the rise of other spacefaring nations, including the European Space Agency (ESA), Japan, China, and India, space exploration became a truly international endeavor. ESA’s Rosetta mission, which successfully landed on a comet, and China’s Chang’e program, which includes multiple lunar exploration successes, stand as milestones in planetary science. India’s Mangalyaan mission, also known as the Mars Orbiter Mission, marked the first successful entry into Martian orbit by an Asian country, showcasing the global reach of space exploration.
Commercial and Future Exploration
In recent years, private companies such as SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Astrobotic have entered the arena of space exploration. NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program has opened the door for commercial lunar missions, with companies like Intuitive Machines and Astrobotic aiming to deliver scientific payloads to the Moon. In 2024, Intuitive Machines’ Odysseus lander became the first commercial lander to safely reach the lunar surface, furthering the possibilities for private space exploration.
Looking ahead, missions like NASA’s Europa Clipper, which is scheduled to explore Jupiter’s icy moon Europa in 2024, and future lunar landings by China and other nations signal that planetary exploration is far from over. Each mission brings new opportunities to learn about our solar system and paves the way for even more ambitious goals, such as crewed missions to Mars and the potential exploration of distant exoplanets.
Timeline 1957 to 2031
1957
- Sputnik 1 – 4 October 1957 – Earth Orbiter
- Sputnik 2 – 3 November 1957 – Earth Orbiter
- Vanguard TV3 – 6 December 1957 – Attempted Earth Orbiter (Launch Failure)
1958
- Explorer 1 – 1 February 1958 – Earth Orbiter
- Vanguard 1 – 17 March 1958 – Earth Orbiter
- Pioneer 0 – 17 August 1958 – Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958A – 23 September 1958 – Attempted Lunar Impact (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 1 – 11 October 1958 – Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958B – 12 October 1958 – Attempted Lunar Impact (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 2 – 8 November 1958 – Attempted Lunar Orbit (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1958C – 4 December 1958 – Attempted Lunar Impact (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer 3 – 6 December 1958 – Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
1959
- Luna 1 – 2 January 1959 – Lunar Flyby (Attempted Lunar Impact)
- Pioneer 4 – 3 March 1959 – Lunar Flyby
- Luna 1959A – 16 June 1959 – Attempted Lunar Impact (Launch Failure)
- Luna 2 – 12 September 1959 – Lunar Impact
- Luna 3 – 4 October 1959 – Lunar Flyby
- Pioneer P-3 – 26 November 1959 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
1960
- Luna 1960A – 15 April 1960 – Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1960B – 18 April 1960 – Attempted Lunar Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer P-30 – 25 September 1960 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Mars 1960A – 10 October 1960 – Attempted Mars Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Mars 1960B – 14 October 1960 – Attempted Mars Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Pioneer P-31 – 15 December 1960 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
1961
- Sputnik 7 – 4 February 1961 – Attempted Venus Impact
- Venera 1 – 12 February 1961 – Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Ranger 1 – 23 August 1961 – Attempted Lunar Test Flight
- Ranger 2 – 18 November 1961 – Attempted Lunar Test Flight
1962
- Ranger 3 – 26 January 1962 – Attempted Lunar Impact
- Ranger 4 – 23 April 1962 – Lunar Impact
- Mariner 1 – 22 July 1962 – Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Sputnik 19 – 25 August 1962 – Attempted Venus Flyby
- Mariner 2 – 27 August 1962 – Venus Flyby
- Sputnik 20 – 1 September 1962 – Attempted Venus Flyby
- Sputnik 21 – 12 September 1962 – Attempted Venus Flyby
- Ranger 5 – 18 October 1962 – Attempted Lunar Impact
- Sputnik 22 – 24 October 1962 – Attempted Mars Flyby
- Mars 1 – 1 November 1962 – Mars Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Sputnik 24 – 4 November 1962 – Attempted Mars Lander
1963
- Sputnik 25 – 4 January 1963 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Luna 1963B – 2 February 1963 – Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Luna 4 – 2 April 1963 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Cosmos 21 – 11 November 1963 – Attempted Venera Test Flight
1964
- Ranger 6 – 30 January 1964 – Lunar Impact (Cameras Failed)
- Venera 1964A – 19 February 1964 – Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Venera 1964B – 1 March 1964 – Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1964A – 21 March 1964 – Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Cosmos 27 – 27 March 1964 – Attempted Venus Flyby
- Zond 1 – 2 April 1964 – Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Luna 1964B – 20 April 1964 – Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Zond 1964A – 4 June 1964 – Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Ranger 7 – 28 July 1964 – Lunar Impact
- Mariner 3 – 5 November 1964 – Attempted Mars Flyby
- Mariner 4 – 28 November 1964 – Mars Flyby
- Zond 2 – 30 November 1964 – Mars Flyby (Contact Lost)
1965
- Ranger 8 – 17 February 1965 – Lunar Impact
- Cosmos 60 – 12 March 1965 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Ranger 9 – 21 March 1965 – Lunar Impact
- Luna 1965A – 10 April 1965 – Attempted Lunar Lander (Launch Failure)
- Luna 5 – 9 May 1965 – Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing)
- Luna 6 – 8 June 1965 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Zond 3 – 18 July 1965 – Lunar Flyby
- Luna 7 – 4 October 1965 – Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing)
- Venera 2 – 12 November 1965 – Venus Flyby (Contact Lost)
- Venera 3 – 16 November 1965 – Venus Lander (Contact Lost)
- Cosmos 96 – 23 November 1965 – Attempted Venus Lander
- Venera 1965A – 23 November 1965 – Attempted Venus Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Luna 8 – 3 December 1965 – Lunar Impact (Attempted Soft Landing)
1966
- Luna 9 – 31 January 1966 – Lunar Lander
- Cosmos 111 – 1 March 1966 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 10 – 31 March 1966 – Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 1966A – 30 April 1966 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Surveyor 1 – 30 May 1966 – Lunar Lander
- Explorer 33 – 1 July 1966 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 1 – 10 August 1966 – Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 11 – 24 August 1966 – Lunar Orbiter
- Surveyor 2 – 20 September 1966 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Luna 12 – 22 October 1966 – Lunar Orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 2 – 6 November 1966 – Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 13 – 21 December 1966 – Lunar Lander
1967
- Lunar Orbiter 3 – 4 February 1967 – Lunar Orbiter
- Surveyor 3 – 17 April 1967 – Lunar Lander
- Lunar Orbiter 4 – 8 May 1967 – Lunar Orbiter
- Venera 4 – 12 June 1967 – Venus Probe
- Mariner 5 – 14 June 1967 – Venus Flyby
- Cosmos 167 – 17 June 1967 – Attempted Venus Probe
- Surveyor 4 – 14 July 1967 – Attempted Lunar Lander
- Explorer 35 – 19 July 1967 – Lunar Orbiter
- Lunar Orbiter 5 – 1 August 1967 – Lunar Orbiter
- Surveyor 5 – 8 September 1967 – Lunar Lander
- Zond 1967A – 28 September 1967 – Attempted Lunar Test Flight (Launch Failure)
- Surveyor 6 – 7 November 1967 – Lunar Lander
- Zond 1967B – 22 November 1967 – Attempted Lunar Test Flight (Launch Failure)
1968
- Surveyor 7 – 7 January 1968 – Lunar Lander
- Luna 1968A – 7 February 1968 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Zond 4 – 2 March 1968 – Test Flight
- Luna 14 – 7 April 1968 – Lunar Orbiter
- Zond 1968A – 23 April 1968 – Attempted Lunar Test Flight (Launch Failure)
- Zond 5 – 15 September 1968 – Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Zond 6 – 10 November 1968 – Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Apollo 8 – 21 December 1968 – Crewed Lunar Orbiter
1969
- Venera 5 – 5 January 1969 – Venus Probe
- Venera 6 – 10 January 1969 – Venus Probe
- Zond 1969A – 20 January 1969 – Attempted Lunar Flyby and Return (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1969A – 19 February 1969 – Attempted Lunar Rover (Launch Failure)
- Zond L1S-1 – 21 February 1969 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Mariner 6 – 25 February 1969 – Mars Flyby
- Mariner 7 – 27 March 1969 – Mars Flyby
- Mars 1969A – 27 March 1969 – Attempted Mars Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Mars 1969B – 2 April 1969 – Attempted Mars Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1969B – 15 April 1969 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 10 – 18 May 1969 – Crewed Lunar Orbiter
- Luna 1969C – 14 June 1969 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return (Launch Failure)
- Zond L1S-2 – 3 July 1969 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Luna 15 – 13 July 1969 – Lunar Orbiter (Attempted Lunar Lander)
- Apollo 11 – 16 July 1969 – Crewed Lunar Landing
- Zond 7 – 7 August 1969 – Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Cosmos 300 – 23 September 1969 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return
- Cosmos 305 – 22 October 1969 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return
- Apollo 12 – 14 November 1969 – Crewed Lunar Landing
1970
- Luna 1970A – 6 February 1970 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return (Launch Failure)
- Luna 1970B – 19 February 1970 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 13 – 11 April 1970 – Crewed Lunar Mission (Landing Aborted)
- Venera 7 – 17 August 1970 – Venus Lander
- Cosmos 359 – 22 August 1970 – Attempted Venus Probe
- Luna 16 – 12 September 1970 – Lunar Sample Return
- Zond 8 – 20 October 1970 – Lunar Flyby and Return to Earth
- Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 – 10 November 1970 – Lunar Rover
1971
- Apollo 14 – 31 January 1971 – Crewed Lunar Landing
- Mariner 8 – 9 May 1971 – Attempted Mars Flyby (Launch Failure)
- Cosmos 419 – 10 May 1971 – Attempted Mars Orbiter/Lander
- Mars 2 – 19 May 1971 – Mars Orbiter/Attempted Lander
- Mars 3 – 28 May 1971 – Mars Orbiter/Lander
- Mariner 9 – 30 May 1971 – Mars Orbiter
- Apollo 15 – 26 July 1971 – Crewed Lunar Landing
- Luna 18 – 2 September 1971 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return
- Luna 19 – 28 September 1971 – Lunar Orbiter
1972
- Luna 20 – 14 February 1972 – Lunar Sample Return
- Pioneer 10 – 3 March 1972 – Jupiter Flyby
- Venera 8 – 27 March 1972 – Venus Probe
- Cosmos 482 – 31 March 1972 – Attempted Venus Probe
- Apollo 16 – 16 April 1972 – Crewed Lunar Landing
- Soyuz L3 – 23 November 1972 – Attempted Lunar Orbiter (Launch Failure)
- Apollo 17 – 7 December 1972 – Crewed Lunar Landing
1973
- Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 – 8 January 1973 – Lunar Rover
- Pioneer 11 – 5 April 1973 – Jupiter/Saturn Flyby
- Skylab – 14 May 1973 – Crewed Earth Orbiter
- Explorer 49 (RAE-B) – 10 June 1973 – Lunar Orbiter/Radio Astronomy
- Mars 4 – 21 July 1973 – Mars Flyby (Attempted Mars Orbiter)
- Mars 5 – 25 July 1973 – Mars Orbiter
- Mars 6 – 5 August 1973 – Mars Lander (Contact Lost)
- Mars 7 – 9 August 1973 – Mars Flyby (Attempted Mars Lander)
- Mariner 10 – 4 November 1973 – Venus/Mercury Flybys
1974
1975
- Venera 9 – 8 June 1975 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Venera 10 – 14 June 1975 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Viking 1 – 20 August 1975 – Mars Orbiter and Lander
- Viking 2 – 9 September 1975 – Mars Orbiter and Lander
- Luna 1975A – 16 October 1975 – Attempted Lunar Sample Return
1976
- Luna 24 – 9 August 1976 – Lunar Sample Return
1977
- Voyager 2 – 20 August 1977 – Jupiter/Saturn/Uranus/Neptune Flyby
- Voyager 1 – 5 September 1977 – Jupiter/Saturn Flyby
1978
- Pioneer Venus 1 – 20 May 1978 – Venus Orbiter
- Pioneer Venus 2 – 8 August 1978 – Venus Probes
- ISEE-3/ICE – 12 August 1978 – Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Halley Flybys
- Venera 11 – 9 September 1978 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Venera 12 – 14 September 1978 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
1981
- Venera 13 – 30 October 1981 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
- Venera 14 – 4 November 1981 – Venus Orbiter and Lander
1983
1984
- Vega 1 – 15 December 1984 – Venus Lander and Balloon/Comet Halley Flyby
- Vega 2 – 21 December 1984 – Venus Lander and Balloon/Comet Halley Flyby
1985
- Sakigake – 7 January 1985 – Comet Halley Flyby
- Giotto – 2 July 1985 – Comet Halley Flyby
- Suisei (Planet-A) – 18 August 1985 – Comet Halley Flyby
1988
- Phobos 1 – 7 July 1988 – Attempted Mars Orbiter/Phobos Lander
- Phobos 2 – 12 July 1988 – Mars Orbiter/Attempted Phobos Lander
1989
1990
- Hiten – 24 January 1990 – Lunar Flyby and Orbiter
- Hubble Space Telescope – 25 April 1990 – Earth Orbiting Observatory
- Ulysses – 6 October 1990 – Jupiter Flyby and Solar Polar Orbiter
1994
- Clementine – 25 January 1994 – Lunar Orbiter/Attempted Asteroid Flyby
1996
- NEAR Shoemaker – 17 February 1996 – Asteroid Eros Orbiter
- Mars Global Surveyor – 7 November 1996 – Mars Orbiter
- Mars 96 – 16 November 1996 – Attempted Mars Orbiter/Landers
- Mars Pathfinder – 4 December 1996 – Mars Lander and Rover
1997
- Cassini – 15 October 1997 – Saturn Orbiter
- Huygens – 15 October 1997 – Titan Probe
- AsiaSat 3/HGS-1 – 24 December 1997 – Lunar Flyby
1998
- Lunar Prospector – 7 January 1998 – Lunar Orbiter
- Nozomi (Planet-B) – 3 July 1998 – Mars Orbiter
- Deep Space 1 – 24 October 1998 – Asteroid and Comet Flyby
1999
- Mars Climate Orbiter – 11 December 1998 – Attempted Mars Orbiter
- Mars Polar Lander – 3 January 1999 – Attempted Mars Lander
- Deep Space 2 – 3 January 1999 – Attempted Mars Penetrators
- Stardust – 7 February 1999 – Comet Coma Sample Return
2000 – 2001
- 2001 Mars Odyssey – 7 April 2001 – Mars Orbiter
- Genesis – 8 August 2001 – Solar Wind Sample Return
2002
- CONTOUR – 3 July 2002 – Fly-by of three Comet Nuclei
2003
- Hayabusa (Muses-C) – 9 May 2003 – Asteroid Orbiter and Sample Return
- Mars Express – 2 June 2003 – Mars Orbiter and Lander
- Spirit (MER-A) – 10 June 2003 – Mars Rover
- Opportunity (MER-B) – 8 July 2003 – Mars Rover
- SMART 1 – September 2003 – Lunar Orbiter
2004
2005
- Deep Impact – 12 January 2005 – Comet Rendezvous and Impact
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter – 12 August 2005 – Mars Orbiter
- Venus Express – 9 November 2005 – ESA Venus Orbiter
2006
- New Horizons – 19 January 2006 – Pluto/Charon and Kuiper Belt Flyby
2007
- Phoenix – 4 August 2007 – Small Mars Scout Lander
- Kaguya (SELENE) – 14 September 2007 – Lunar Orbiter
- Dawn – 27 September 2007 – Asteroid Ceres and Vesta Orbiter
- Chang’e 1 – 24 October 2007 – CAST (China) Lunar Orbiter
2008
- Chandrayaan-1 – 22 October 2008 – ISRO (India) Lunar Orbiter
2009
- Kepler – 7 March 2009 – Extrasolar Terrestrial Planet Detection Mission
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter – 18 June 2009 – Lunar Orbiter
- LCROSS – 18 June 2009 – Lunar Impactor
2010
- Akatsuki/Planet-C – 20 May 2010 – ISAS Venus Orbiter
- Chang’e 2 – 1 October 2010 – CAST (China) Lunar Orbiter
2011
- Juno – 5 August 2011 – Jupiter Orbiter
- GRAIL – 10 September 2011 – Lunar Orbiter
- Phobos-Grunt – 8 November 2011 – Attempted Martian Moon Phobos Lander
- Yinghuo-1 – 8 November 2011 – Attempted Mars Orbiter
- Mars Science Laboratory – 26 November 2011 – Mars Rover
2013
- LADEE – 6 September 2013 – Lunar Orbiter
- Mangalyaan – 5 November 2013 – ISRO (India) Mars Orbiter
- MAVEN – 18 November 2013 – Mars Scout Mission Orbiter
- Chang’e 3 – 1 December 2013 – Lunar Lander and Rover
2014
- Chang’e 5 Test Vehicle – 23 October 2014 – Lunar Flyby and Return
- Hayabusa 2 – 3 December 2014 – JAXA Asteroid Sample Return
- PROCYON – 3 December 2014 – JAXA (Japan) Asteroid Flyby Mission
2016
- ExoMars 2016 – 14 March 2016 – ESA Mars Orbiter and Lander
- OSIRIS-REx – 8 September 2016 – Sample Return Mission to Asteroid Bennu
2018
- InSight – 5 May 2018 – Mars Lander
- Queqiao – 20 May 2018 – CNSA (China) Lunar Relay Satellite
- Parker Solar Probe – 12 August 2018 – Solar Orbiter – Venus Flybys
- BepiColombo – 19 October 2018 – ESA and JAXA Mercury Orbiters
- Chang’e 4 – 7 December 2018 – CNSA (China) Lunar Farside Lander and Rover
2019
- Beresheet – 22 February 2019 – SpaceIL and IAI (Israel) Lunar Lander
- Chandrayaan 2 – 22 July 2019 – ISRO (India) Moon Orbiter, Lander, and Rover
2020
- Solar Orbiter – 10 February 2020 – ESA Solar Orbiting Mission
- Hope – 19 July 2020 – United Arab Emirates Mars Orbiter
- Tianwen 1 – 23 July 2020 – CNSA (China) Mars Orbiter and Rover
- Mars 2020 – 30 July 2020 – Mars Rover and Rotorcraft
- Chang’e 5 – 23 November 2020 – CNSA (China) Lunar Sample Return Mission
2021
- Q-PACE – 17 January 2021 – Microgravity Particle Collision Study CubeSat
- Lucy – 16 October 2021 – Trojan Asteroid Flybys
- Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) – 24 November 2021 – Asteroid Dimorphos Impactor
- LICIACube – 24 November 2021
- Asteroid Dimorphos Imaging Cubesat
- James Webb Space Telescope – 25 December 2021 – L2 Orbiting Infrared Observatory
2022
- CAPSTONE – 28 June 2022 – Lunar Navigation Test Orbiter
- Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (Danuri) – 4 August 2022 – KARI (South Korea) Lunar Orbiter
- LunaH-Map – 16 November 2022 – Lunar Orbiting CubeSat
- Lunar IceCube – 16 November 2022 – Lunar Orbiting CubeSat
- NEA Scout – 16 November 2022 – Asteroid Flyby CubeSat
- Lunar InfraRed Imaging (LunIR) – 16 November 2022 – Lunar Flyby and Technology Test CubeSat
- OMOTENASHI – 16 November 2022 – JAXA (Japan) Lunar Lander CubeSat
- EQUULEUS – 16 November 2022 – JAXA (Japan) L2 Orbit Lunar CubeSat
- Artemis 1 – 16 November 2022 – Lunar Test Flight
- Lunar Flashlight – 11 December 2022 – Lunar Orbiter CubeSat
- Hakuto-R M1 – 11 December 2022 – Lunar Lander
2023
- Jupiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) – 14 April 2023 – ESA Ganymede-Callisto-Europa multiple flyby mission
- Chandrayaan 3 – 14 July 2023 – ISRO (India) Lunar Orbiter, Lander, and Rover
- Luna 25 – 10 August 2023 – Russian Lunar Lander
- SLIM – 6 September 2023 – JAXA (Japan) Lunar Lander
- Psyche – 13 October 2023 – Main Belt Asteroid Orbiter
2024
- Peregrine Mission 1 (Astrobotic) – 8 January 2024 – Lunar Lander
- Intuitive Machines 1 (Odysseus) – 15 February 2024 – Lunar Lander
- Queqiao 2 – 20 March 2024 – CNSA (China) Lunar Relay Satellite
- Chang’e 6 – 3 May 2024 – CNSA (China) Lunar Sample Return Mission
- Europa Clipper – 10 October 2024 – Jupiter Orbiter – Multiple Europa Flybys
- EscaPADE – 13 October 2024 – Dual Mars Orbiting Spacecraft
- Hera – October 2024 – ESA mission to asteroids Didymos and Dimorphos
- Intuitive Machines 2 (PRIME-1) – 2024 (4th Quarter) – Lunar Lander
- Lunar Trailblazer – 2024 (4th Quarter) – Lunar Orbiting Small Satellite
- Blue Ghost 1 (Firefly) – 2024 – Lunar Lander
- Resilience – 2024 (Late) – JAXA (Japan) Lunar Lander and Rover
2025 (Planned)
- Griffin Mission 1 – Fall 2025 – Lunar South Pole Lander
- Blue Ghost 2 (Firefly) – 2025 – Lunar Lander
- Lunar Pathfinder – 2025 – Lunar Orbiter
- Intuitive Machines 3 (PRISM) – 2025 – Lunar Lander and Rovers
2026 (Planned)
- Chang’e 7 – 2026 – CNSA (China) Lunar Survey Mission
- Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) – 2026 – JAXA (Japan) Phobos Sample Return Mission
- Draper Lunar Lander – 2026 – Lunar Lander
2027 (Planned)
- Intuitive Machines 4 (CP-22) – 2027 – Lunar Lander
2028 (Planned)
- Dragonfly – 2028 – Quadcopter Mission to Titan
- ExoMars Rover – 2028 – ESA Mars Rover, Rosalind Franklin
- Chang’e 8 – 2028 – CNSA (China) Lunar Technology Test
2031 (Planned)
- DAVINCI – 2031 – Venus Flyby and Atmospheric Probe
- VERITAS – 2031 – Venus Orbiter
- EnVision – 2031 – ESA Venus Orbiter
Source: NASA as of August 30, 2024
