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The Role of Astronauts in a National Context: Exploration, Inspiration, and Innovation

Astronauts, often considered heroes of modern exploration, have played crucial roles in symbolizing and advancing the goals of their respective nations. These roles can be divided into several key areas: symbols of national achievement, catalysts for scientific and technological development, inspirations for future generations, and diplomats fostering international cooperation.

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Satellites FAQ

This resource provides answers to commonly asked questions regarding satellites, their functionalities, and their significance across various industries.

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What is “Wholesale Trade,” and What is its Role in the Space Economy?

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Declassification of the Manned Orbital Laboratory: An Analysis of Materials Released by the NRO

The Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL) was a major initiative by the U.S. Air Force in partnership with the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) during the 1960s. MOL was a secretive yet highly significant chapter in the annals of space exploration history. Despite its cancellation in 1969, the MOL program has remained a subject of intrigue for researchers and historians due to its classified nature. Over the years, the NRO has declassified a considerable amount of information about the MOL, providing an intriguing look into the Cold War era’s covert space operations.

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Redefining Space Missions: The Disaggregation of Satellite Functionalities

In the realm of space technology, a significant shift is underway: the disaggregation of satellite functionalities. This approach deconstructs traditional satellite capabilities into smaller, specialized units. It marks a departure from the ‘one satellite, many functions’ principle towards a model where multiple smaller satellites, each dedicated to a specific function, collaborate to accomplish a common mission.

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Extending Satellite Lifespans: Technological Advancements and Their Implications for the Space Economy

In the rapidly evolving landscape of space exploration and satellite technology, one of the most significant advancements lies in increasing the lifespan of satellites. This enhancement, resulting from numerous technological breakthroughs, carries numerous implications, including economic efficiency, environmental impact, and geopolitical ramifications. This article reviews the consequences and the technologies driving these transformative changes.

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Moore’s Law, Wright’s Law, and their Relevance to the Space Economy

Moore’s Law and Wright’s Law serve as valuable models for understanding trends in the space industry.

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Nuclear Propulsion for Spacecraft: A Quick Review

Nuclear propulsion, once confined to the realm of science fiction, is rapidly becoming a real possibility for future space missions. Capable of providing a continuous and efficient source of propulsion over long periods, this technology could potentially revolutionize interplanetary and interstellar travel.

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Aerospike Engines: Their Past, Present, and Future

What, why, and when?

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VLEO Innovator: Earth Observant Inc.

EOI (Earth Observant Inc.) Space plans to launch a VLEO (Very Low Earth Orbiting) constellation of “ultra high” resolution imaging satellites for both government and commercial use, known as Stingray. By operating in VLEO, the Stingray satellites will be closer to Earth than most other satellites, and will be capable of delivering the highest resolution imagery.

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VLEO: The New Playground for Satellite Technology

Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) is defined as the region of space located approximately 100 – 450 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Satellites operating in this region come with a set of unique advantages and challenges.

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The Impact of Company Motivations on Space Economy Market Research Outcomes

How can a company’s motivations influence the bias of their space economy market report? How can the unbiased nature of a space economy market report be assessed?

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The VentureStar Project: NASA’s Abandoned Hope for Reusable Spacecraft

The VentureStar project was one of NASA’s most ambitious programs aimed at creating a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) reusable spacecraft. Conceptualized in the mid-1990s, the VentureStar was intended to replace the aging Space Shuttle fleet, promoting cost-efficiency, safety, and frequent access to space. However, despite its innovative vision, VentureStar never made it past the prototype stage due to technical challenges and budget constraints.

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Nautilus-X: NASA’s Vision for Multi-Mission Space Exploration

Within the realm of space exploration, one concept stands out not only for its innovative design but also for its multi-mission capability: NASA’s Nautilus-X. Officially known as the Nautilus-X Multi-Mission Space Exploration Vehicle, this proposed spacecraft presented a compelling vision for the future of long-duration space missions.

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Planning Crewed Missions to Mars: Understanding the Effects of Long-Term Space Flight on the Human Body

The environment of space is remarkably different from that of Earth. It exposes astronauts to conditions of microgravity, increased radiation, isolation, and confinement, all of which can potentially affect the physical and psychological well-being of space travelers. This article reviews the physiological and psychological effects that long-term space flight can have on the human body.

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Existential Threats That the Mars Colonists Will Face

This article provides a detailed examination of the risks faced by pioneers on Mars. The purpose is not to overshadow the achievement of reaching Mars, but rather to highlight the reality of the situation – the hard work is just beginning.

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What is the Role of Government in the Space Economy?

In the growing space economy, the role of government extends far beyond that of just a regulator. The government acts as an investor, a collaborator, an innovator, and more.

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Space Technology and its Impact on Media and Entertainment

Space technology has been making significant strides over the past few years. Its influence permeates numerous sectors and industries, with media and entertainment being no exception. This article reviews the relationship of space technology to the media and entertainment industry.

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Functional Materials: A Cornerstone of the Space Economy

This article reviews the significance of functional materials in space technology, related research conducted aboard the International Space Station (ISS), and some specific examples of these advanced materials.

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Impacts of a Geomagnetic Reversal on the Space Economy

This article reviews what a geomagnetic reversal is and how it might affect the space economy.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Threats to Humanity’s Survival on Earth, and the Case for Going Multiplanetary

Human survival on Earth is threatened by numerous potential scenarios. Some of these threats are natural occurrences, while others are caused by human activities. These existential risks range from the immediate and concrete to the distant and speculative. Regardless of their nature or likelihood, understanding these threats can help us prepare and, ideally, prevent their most devastating outcomes.

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Single-Stage-to-Orbit (SSTO): Pioneering the Future of Space Exploration

Ever since the advent of space exploration, human beings have employed similar types of vehicles to journey beyond the confines of our planet. The concept of Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO) vehicles represents a significant shift in our approach to space travel. This fascinating technology has the potential to revolutionize space exploration by offering a more cost-effective and efficient means of reaching orbit.

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What Does it Mean When a Market is Said to be in “Structural Decline?”

When a market is described as being in “structural decline,” it means that the market is shrinking or contracting over a sustained period due to fundamental, long-term changes in its environment, rather than short-term or cyclical factors. This article reviews the potential underlying causes.

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Commercial Human Spaceflight Astronaut Categorizations: A Capitalist Perspective

This article proposes astronaut classifications from the context of the one factor that really matters in a commercial market context – money – specifically, who is giving money and who is receiving money and for what.

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Global Space Economy Size Estimates and Forecasts: 2005 to 2045

This article provides space economy size estimates and forecasts from 2005 to 2045.

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The Seager Equation: A New Perspective on the Search for Extraterrestrial Life

As our technological capabilities grow and our knowledge of the universe expands, our perspective on the search for extraterrestrial life continues to evolve. Over the years, various hypotheses, equations, and concepts have been proposed to address this cosmic question. The Seager Equation, developed by astrophysicist and planetary scientist Professor Sara Seager, offers a fresh approach to our search for life beyond Earth.

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Space Activity Environmental Impacts: Examples

This article provides examples where space economy activities have resulted in environmental impacts.

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Spacecraft Navigation 101: Determining Location in Space

Determining the location of a spacecraft in space is a complex process that involves several systems and methods. This article reviews some of the primary methods.

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Insights into Starship’s Announced Commercial Flights 2024 to 2030

More than 1/3 of the announced commercial missions are space tourism flights.

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Governments and Patents in the Space Economy

The space economy, once the exclusive domain of governments, is increasingly becoming the playground for private companies and start-ups. As the space industry rapidly evolves, patents – an important marker of technological innovation – are playing a significant role. This article reviews the government perspective towards space-based patents.

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The Rare Earth Equation: An Exploration of the Exceptionality of Life on Earth

The search for extraterrestrial life has long captivated our collective imaginations. In attempting to understand our chances of encountering alien civilizations, various concepts and equations have been proposed. Among these, the Drake Equation is probably the most famous, providing a statistical framework for estimating the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which we might communicate. However, another perspective challenges this optimistic outlook, positing that Earth might be a significant rarity in the cosmos. This viewpoint is encapsulated in what is known as the Rare Earth Equation.

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CubeSat Design Basics: Small Satellites with Big Potential

In an era of increasing access to space and rapid technological advancement, one of the most influential developments in space exploration is the rise of CubeSats. These tiny satellites, often no larger than a loaf of bread, are making space exploration cheaper, faster, and more accessible than ever before. However, the small size of CubeSats presents unique challenges in terms of design. This article reviews the fundamental principles of CubeSat design.

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Forecast Methodologies Relevant to the Space Economy – A Quick Overview

The space economy, encompassing sectors from satellite telecommunications to space tourism, is a burgeoning field with immense potential. However, estimating its growth and understanding its dynamics present unique challenges. A variety of economic estimating methodologies can help navigate these challenges, each with its own strengths, weaknesses, and applications in the space economy.

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Understanding Space Economy Market Size Estimates

The space economy, often seen as the next frontier for economic growth, is estimated to be growing at an impressive rate. However, how accurate are these estimates? Estimating the space economy’s past size, and estimating its future size and growth comes with unique challenges. This article explores these challenges, the methods for calculating the space economy, the criticisms of these calculations, and the considerations needed when interpreting space economy estimates.

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The Kardashev Scale: A Cosmic Measure of Civilizational Progress

In our quest to understand our position in the cosmos and to speculate about the potential existence of extraterrestrial life, one tool stands out as both a gauge and a roadmap: the Kardashev Scale. This scale, proposed by the Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev in 1964, offers a theoretical framework to measure the technological advancement of a civilization based on energy consumption.

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The Tyranny of the Rocket Equation: An In-depth Examination

Space exploration has captivated our collective imagination for generations. However, it is by no means an easy feat. Among the many challenges space engineers grapple with, one particularly notorious hurdle is often referred to as the “tyranny of the rocket equation.”

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Space Economy Executive Briefing: 30 Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

The space economy is a growing sector that encompasses the commercial and economic activities related to outer space. As interest in space-based industries continues to rise, many questions have emerged about the various aspects of the space economy, from technological advancements and commercial applications to legal, ethical, and security concerns. This article provides answers to 30 frequently asked questions about the space economy.

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Understanding Mars Missions: The Role of the Hohmann Transfer

The exploration of the universe beyond our home planet has been made possible due to a myriad of scientific advancements and discoveries, one of which is the Hohmann transfer orbit. The Hohmann transfer orbit is an efficient means of moving a spacecraft between two different orbits around a celestial body. This method is particularly significant in planning missions to Mars, our neighboring planet.

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Exoplanets: The Next Frontier in Space Exploration

Exoplanets, or extrasolar planets, are planets that orbit stars outside of our solar system. These celestial objects were, until recently, the stuff of science fiction. The idea that other star systems could host planets similar to ours—or dramatically different—stirred both scientific and popular imagination. However, it wasn’t until the 20th century that scientists confirmed their existence, forever changing our understanding of the universe.

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The Fermi Paradox: Unveiling the Mystery of the Silent Cosmos

In the seemingly boundless universe, teeming with billions of galaxies, each holding billions of stars and potentially even more planets, a thought-provoking question arises: If there are so many potential homes for life, where is everybody? This question is at the heart of what’s known as the Fermi Paradox.

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Repowering the EU from Space

This article describes how the EU space program will be a key enabler Europe’s energy transition.

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Pros and Cons of Space Economy Businesses Filing Patents

The new frontier of space has become increasingly viable and attractive for business ventures, leading to a proliferation of space economy businesses. One key aspect these enterprises grapple with is the issue of intellectual property, specifically, whether or not to file patents for their innovations. This question is fraught with unique challenges, and the answer can influence the success or failure of the venture. This article reviews the pros and cons of space economy businesses filing patents.

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The Drake Equation: Unraveling the Probability of Extraterrestrial Life

The search for extraterrestrial life has intrigued humanity for centuries. In the vast expanse of the universe, with its billions upon billions of stars and potentially habitable planets, it seems statistically unlikely that we are alone. A method used to quantify this probability is the Drake Equation.

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Public-Private Partnerships: A Catalyst for the Space Economy

The space economy has seen steady growth in recent years, thanks to an evolving landscape of stakeholders and a multitude of innovative projects. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a key driver in this growth, allowing for increased collaboration, resource sharing, and technological advancement. This article will explore the role of PPPs in the space economy, discussing the benefits, challenges, and potential future developments.

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The Skylab Program: Pioneering NASA’s Human Spaceflight

The Skylab Program, announced by NASA in 1970, marked a significant chapter in the history of human spaceflight. It was America’s first experimental space station, designed for humans to live and work in for extended periods. The program’s ambitious scope aimed to expand our understanding of life in space; and ultimately ended up establishing the foundation for future international space stations.

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The Union of Concerned Scientists: Relevance and Contributions to the Space Economy

This article reviews the role and relevance of the UCS to the growing space economy.

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The Future of Warfare: Exploring Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems and Space Technology

Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) are a type of military technology that can independently search for, identify, target, and engage enemies without direct human intervention. This article examines the role of space technology.

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Biomining: Harnessing Microbes for Resource Extraction in the Space Economy

Biomining is an approach that employs biological organisms, primarily bacteria, to extract valuable metals from ores and other solid materials. This biotechnology offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional mining methods that often involve harmful chemicals. In the context of the emerging space economy, biomining could revolutionize the way we obtain resources beyond Earth’s atmosphere, potentially turning asteroids, the Moon, and other celestial bodies into valuable mines.

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Space Economy: Navigating the Balance Between International Cooperation and Competition

The space economy has witnessed steady growth in recent years, driven by advances in technology, increased investment, and the commercialization of space activities. As nations and private entities continue to explore the potential of space, international cooperation and competition have become defining aspects of this new frontier. This article examines how the space economy is affected by international cooperation and competition, as well as the challenges and opportunities presented by this dynamic relationship.

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Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI): An Objective Analysis of Pros and Cons

Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI), also known as Active Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), is an approach that involves broadcasting intentional signals into space in the hope that an alien civilization might detect and respond to them. This strategy differs from passive SETI, which focuses on listening for signals rather than transmitting them. While the potential benefits of METI are profound, so too are the potential risks. This article provides an objective review of its pros and cons.

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Time in Space: A Review of Typical Milestones and NET/NLT Designations in Space Projects

Timing is paramount, particularly in the sphere of space exploration. Each mission can be likened to a complex puzzle, requiring each piece to slot perfectly into place for the broader picture to emerge. To ensure all parts align just right, there are two significant types of checkpoints used: ‘No Earlier Than’ (NET) and ‘No Later Than’ (NLT). These terms effectively bracket the ‘earliest’ and ‘latest’ dates for task completion. This article reviews these critical markers relative to their importance in maintaining the timely progression of space missions and ensuring the successful attainment of their objectives.

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The International Space Station National Laboratory: A Unique Orbiting Research Facility

This article provides an overview of the ISS National Laboratory and associated research opportunities.

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Satellite Data Analytics Companies: Applications and Challenges

What are satellite data analytics companies? What applications do they provide? What challenges do they face?

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Hidden in Plain Sight: The Weaponization of Space

The US Department of Defense is actively investing in the development and operational testing of On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (OSAM) spacecraft. The publicly stated purposes are benign, but the unspoken reality may be another thing entirely.

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US Space Force Programs: Space Prime

The first Space Prime effort, Orbital Prime will invigorate the OSAM market using Active Debris Remediation (ADR) as a use case for the foundational technologies. As congestion and debris threaten the long-term sustainability of the space domain, Orbital Prime will transition agile, affordable, and accelerated OSAM space capabilities to build the foundation for space logistics while preserving the global commons. On-orbit capability will be demonstrated on an accelerated timeline in two to four years.

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“Selling Shovels in a Gold Rush”: Its Relevance to the Space Economy

“Selling shovels in a gold rush” in the context of the burgeoning space economy offers a unique lens to understand the potential opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in the cosmic frontier. These “shovel sellers” have a pivotal role to play in shaping and supporting the expansion of humanity’s reach beyond Earth. The gold rush might be in space, but the real fortune may lie with those selling the shovels.

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Impossible Is Just a Word: The Relevance of Classic Sayings to the Space Economy

The space economy is a realm where classic sayings about the impossible become particularly relevant. With its vast complexities and unknowns, the journey to space is a quintessential example of humanity’s quest to overcome seemingly impossible odds. This article explores how a few of these sayings apply to the space economy.

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Rocket Launches: Environmental Concerns

The environmental impact of launch vehicles can be significant, with the main concerns being air pollution, noise pollution, resource consumption, and potential impact on wildlife and ecosystems.

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The Space Economy: Understanding its Economic Multiplier

What is the “economic multiplier” and how is the relevant to the space economy?

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Characterizing Media Coverage of the Space Economy

The media coverage of the space economy reflects the growing importance and relevance of this sector. It is characterized by several distinct aspects, each of which contributes to the public’s perception and understanding of the space economy.

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US Air Force Manned Orbital Laboratory: The Best of the Declassified Materials

This article is not an analytic piece; it is a guide, offering a curated selection of the most significant declassified materials from the MOL program. As such, this article serves as a compass, pointing you towards the most illuminating declassified documents, drawings, and photographs from the MOL program.

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The Invisible Threat: How Space Radiation Impacts Satellite Technology

Space radiation can have significant effects on space technology, impacting both the performance and longevity of equipment used in space missions. This article reviews potential impacts, mitigation strategies, and past instances of satellite disruptions by space radiation.

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Report: US Government Support of the Entrepreneurial Space Age (NASA 2019)

This paper describes how the government continues to fuel the growth of the Entrepreneurial Space Age in established industries like Launch, while supporting new companies in emerging industries like Logistics and Interplanetary.

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The Philippines Space Strategy: Rising to the Cosmic Challenge

A decade ago, the idea of the Philippines venturing into space exploration might have seemed like a distant dream. But with the establishment of the Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) in 2019 and the launch of several microsatellites before and after that, the country is taking a leap forward into the final frontier.

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Orbital Satellites and Their Use of GPS

Global Positioning System, or GPS, has evolved from a simple navigation system into a sophisticated tool with numerous applications in various sectors. One intriguing area where GPS is making a significant impact is the operation of orbital satellites. Despite the common misconception that satellites simply “provide” GPS, many satellites, especially those in low Earth orbit, also utilize GPS signals for their functionality.

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Elon Musk and the Quest for a Multiplanetary Humanity

Elon Musk, the CEO of SpaceX, Tesla, and other pioneering tech companies, has been a vocal advocate for a future where humanity extends its presence beyond Earth. This article discusses Musk’s vision for human civilization as a multiplanetary species.

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What Determines the Development Time of a Satellite?

This article reviews the factors that influence development time, and provides historical satellite development time examples.

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Space Tourism Market Analysis

This article provides an analysis of the space tourism market from the context of customer demand, business sustainability, and market dynamics.

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The New Space Race: Counterspace Capabilities and Satellite Defense

Satellite counterspace capabilities have become increasingly important in the modern world, as space has become an integral part of various sectors, such as communication, navigation, military, and scientific research. With nations vying for dominance in the space domain, this article provides an overview of the various counterspace capabilities and reviews satellite counterspace defensive options.

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Report: Technology Assessment Large Constellations of Satellites (GAO 2022)

This report: (1) describes the potential effects from projected increases in large constellations of satellites, (2) assesses the current or emerging technologies and approaches to evaluate and mitigate these effects, along with challenges to developing or implementing these technologies and approaches, and (3) identifies policy options that might help address the challenges as well as the opportunities and considerations that accompany these options.

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Project Dyna-Soar: A Leap into Hypersonic Technology

The Dyna-Soar program, also known as Dynamic Soarer or X-20, was an ambitious space project launched by the United States Air Force (USAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Intended to be the first manned spaceplane, it was a pioneering endeavor in the field of hypersonic flight and reusable spacecraft.

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What are the Key Technology Components of Cubesats?

This article provides a general overview of some key technology components usually found in a CubeSat.

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The Rise of CubeSats: Democratizing Space Exploration

Space, once the exclusive domain of government agencies and large corporations, is becoming increasingly accessible, thanks in no small part to a class of miniature satellites known as CubeSats. Born from an academic idea to a tool driving a new era in space science, the rise of CubeSats marks a significant chapter in the story of space exploration.

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The Future of Satellite TV: How Starlink Changes the Game

Market disruption is a real possibility…

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What are Launch Brokers and Launch Service Providers?

This article provides an explanation of these two roles and their associated services.

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Timeline for the World’s First Entertainment Arena and Content Studios In Space

Micro-Gravity Film, TV, Sport and Entertainment Production and Broadcast Studio targeted for launch in 2025.

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The Fusion of Entertainment and the Space Economy

The entertainment industry within the space economy is a multifaceted sector that merges technology, innovation, and creative storytelling to deliver entertaining content related to space activities and exploration. It is an emerging market segment, providing audiences worldwide with an array of experiences and knowledge about the universe beyond our planet. This article explores several key aspects of the space economy’s impact on the entertainment industry.

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First Feature Film Shot in Space Has Been Released: “The Challenge”

The first feature film shot in space was the Russian movie titled “Challenge”. In October 2021, Russian actress Yulia Peresild and director Klim Shipenko traveled to the ISS to shoot scenes for the movie. The plot of “Challenge” involves a surgeon (played by Peresild) who has to operate on a sick cosmonaut in space because the cosmonaut’s medical condition prevents him from returning to Earth to be treated. The movie was released in April 2023.

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An Exploration of Space Policy: From Concept to Implementation

The making of space policy is a complex, multifaceted process, influenced by a range of factors from scientific and technological advancements to geopolitical considerations. It involves a number of key stakeholders including governmental bodies, research organizations, private industry, and often, the general public. This article explores the stages and actors involved in shaping space policy, illustrating how these diverse elements intersect and influence each other.

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The US Air Force Manned Orbital Laboratory: A Legacy of Innovation

The Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL), an ambitious project by the U.S. Air Force, remains an important footnote in the history of human space exploration. This program, which ran from 1963 to 1969, aimed to develop a manned space station with a dual purpose: scientific research and military reconnaissance. Although the MOL never reached operational status, its advances and the human capital it developed made significant contributions to America’s subsequent space endeavors.

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Stellar Sustainability: How The Space Economy Supports Global Net Zero Efforts

Net Zero refers to the balance between the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced and the amount of emissions removed from the atmosphere. To achieve net zero, a country, business, or individual needs to either reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to a minimum or offset them by removing an equivalent amount of emissions from the atmosphere through activities such as reforestation, carbon capture and storage, or other technologies.

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The Role of Space-Based Solar Power in Future Military Conflicts

This article reviews potential military applications, and associated research, related to space-based solar power systems.

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The Military’s Race for Space

This article explores the rise of military control in space, focusing on the importance of satellites and their role in modern warfare and strategic defense.

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Space Technology: A Catalyst for Smart Urban Planning

As the world’s urban population continues to grow, innovative solutions are required to tackle the complex challenges of urban planning. One such innovative approach involves the use of space technology. From satellite imagery to global positioning systems (GPS), space technology is being increasingly leveraged to improve urban planning and design, fostering more sustainable and livable cities. This article explores how space technology is aiding urban planning and the potential it holds for the future.

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The Dawn of a New Space Era: The Impact of SpaceX’s Starship

This article reviews the potential ways that Starship could reshape the space economy, highlighting the new markets, industries, and opportunities that may emerge as a result of this game-changing technology.

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The Value of Minimum Value Proposition Products in the Space Economy

The space economy has long been a subject of fascination and a breeding ground for innovation. Entrepreneurs are constantly seeking new ways to carve out their niche in this ever-evolving market. One of the most critical aspects of launching a successful venture in the space economy is the development of a Minimum Value Proposition (MVP) product. This article reviews the concept of MVPs in the context of space entrepreneurship.

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Exploring the Space Economy: Key Stakeholders and Their Roles

The space economy comprises a diverse and rapidly growing ecosystem with a variety of stakeholders, each playing unique and essential roles. This article reviews the primary stakeholders.

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Updated: Status of Virgin Orbit as of May 13, 2023

This article provides current status and timeline for next steps.

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An Introduction to Low Thrust Propulsion for Satellites

This article provides an introduction to low thrust propulsion for satellites, reviewing its fundamental principles, technologies, benefits, limitations, and potential future developments.

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The Evolving Landscape of Defense: Responsive Space and its Significance

Responsive Space as a concept is fundamentally driven by defense organizations. Defense organizations are increasingly dependent upon space-based systems for operations. These organizations need the ability to: be able to augment capacity on demand based on tactical requirements; and rapidly replace disabled space-based systems to restore capability. The capability which addresses that need is generally referred to as Responsive Space.

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What Happens if There is an Emergency in Space and Astronauts are Stranded?

If astronauts are stranded in space due to an emergency, their safety and survival depend on a number of factors, including the nature of the emergency, the resources available to the astronauts, and the proximity of any other spacecraft or stations that could provide assistance.

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The Role of Media in Shaping the Future of the Space Economy

The space economy, once a realm of speculative fiction, has evolved into a tangible reality in the 21st century. As the barriers to space exploration and exploitation diminish, the potential for a thriving space economy emerges. This evolution is attributed to a variety of factors, including advancements in technology, investments by private sector entities, and the increasing support of governmental agencies worldwide. However, there is another significant driver of this transformation that is often overlooked: the media.

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Google Trends: Unveiling the Patterns of Competition in the Space Economy

Google Trends is a powerful tool that can provide valuable insights into search behavior and help with competitive analysis. By analyzing search trends, you can gain a better understanding of your competitors’ performance, audience interests, and potential growth opportunities. This article reviews some ways to use Google Trends for competitive analysis.

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Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators: Powering Space Exploration

Space exploration and subsequent economic activities have always been deeply intertwined with technological advancements. Of these, power generation technology has been a cornerstone. One such technology that has long been a reliable workhorse in space exploration is the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG). RTGs have been instrumental in powering some of the most ambitious space missions and continue to be relevant in the burgeoning space economy. This article discusses the functioning of RTGs, their use in space missions, and their relevance to the space economy.

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Exploring the Space Economy Through the Lens of the Business Environment Canvas

A Business Environment Canvas is a visual framework or tool used by entrepreneurs and business professionals to understand, analyze, and map the various internal and external factors that can influence the success of a business. The canvas helps to identify opportunities and risks, as well as develop strategies to address them.

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Report: Canada’s Strategy for Satellite Earth Observation (GC 2022)

Government of Canada strategy for satellite Earth observation.

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Revenue Models in the Space Economy: Capitalizing on the Final Frontier

The space economy, encompassing all activities and industries related to outer space, presents numerous opportunities for revenue generation. This article explores the revenue models that are applicable to the space economy and provides examples of how they can be utilized.

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How Can Space Technology Help With Natural Disaster Detection?

Space technology plays a crucial role in natural disaster detection, monitoring, and response efforts. This article reviews some ways space technology helps with natural disasters.

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Timeline of SpaceX’s Starship From the Past to the Future

This article provides a timeline of Starship milestones starting in 2012 and into the future.

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The Green Cloud: How Microsoft’s Planetary Computer Aims to Save the Planet

Microsoft’s Planetary Computer is an ambitious project aimed at providing environmental data, tools, and analytics to help organizations and individuals make more informed decisions about the planet’s resources and ecosystems. Launched in 2020, the initiative is part of Microsoft’s broader commitment to sustainability, which also includes a pledge to become carbon negative by 2030.

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The Challenges That Could Slow Space Economy Growth

This article discusses the primary challenges facing the space economy, including funding constraints, regulatory issues, technical hurdles, orbital debris, and international competition.

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HOW TO STAY AHEAD IN THE SPACE RACE?

Subscribe to our weekly New Space Economy Briefing! Our complimentary briefing is your gateway to staying informed on the emerging markets, cutting-edge technologies, and key trends shaping the future of space commerce. Get thoughtful, practical and relevant insights delivered straight to your inbox and stay ahead in the Space Race.

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Must-Read Space Economy Newsletters!

High-quality newsletters providing space economy insights.

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What is Digital Twinning and its Relevance to the Space Economy?

Digital twin (also known as digital replica) technology is a concept that involves creating a virtual representation or digital counterpart of a physical object, process, or system. This digital model simulates the real-world entity, allowing for data analysis, monitoring, optimization, and predictive capabilities. This technology has gained significant traction in numerous industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, aerospace, automotive, and infrastructure.

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The Impact of Weather on Launch Delays at Cape Canaveral and Kennedy Space Center

What role has the weather played in launch delays of human spaceflight launches?

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US Environmental Regulations and the Space Economy

In the US several federal agencies, and regulations, are involved in overseeing the environmental impacts of the space economy. This article reviews the most relevant regulations and agencies.

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Greening the Cosmos: The Rise of Space Environmentalism

Space environmentalism is an emerging concept that focuses on the need to balance the growth of the space economy with the protection of both Earth’s environment and the space environment.

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The Origins of “May the 4th be with you”: Celebrating Star Wars Day

Every year on May 4th, fans from around the globe come together to celebrate the beloved Star Wars franchise. This unofficial holiday, known as Star Wars Day, is marked by the popular phrase “May the 4th be with you.” But where did this phrase originate, and how did it evolve into a global phenomenon?

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Report: NASA Strategic Technology Roadmaps (consolidated as of April 2023)

NASA’s strategic technology roadmaps are comprehensive, long-term plans that outline the agency’s priorities and goals in technology development to support its missions in space exploration, science, and aeronautics. This article provides a consolidated document including all strategic technology roadmaps as of April 2023.

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A Guide to Earth Observation Open Data Imagery Sources

This article explores the available sources of free earth observation imagery, the data they provide, licensing terms, URLs for accessing the imagery, and user reviews to help you decide which source is right for your needs.

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Report: A Survey into the State and Health of the European EO Services Industry 2022 (EARSC 2022)

This 2022 survey presents facts and figures concerning the state of the European EO industry. The information provided in the report includes: the number of companies, employment and revenues which are updated annually. A detailed description of the methodology is given at the end.

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What is the Impact of Earth Observation Open Data on the Space Economy?

Earth observation open data… good thing, or bad thing, for the space economy?

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Understanding Satellite Products: Images, Analytics, and Information Products

As satellite technology continues to advance, businesses and organizations are leveraging satellite data for various purposes, from monitoring climate change to enhancing communication networks. Within the Earth observation industry, there are three primary categories of satellite data products: images, analytics, and information products. This article explains the distinctions between the three primary categories.

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Economic Linkages of a Spaceport: Guiana Space Centre

This article provides an overview of the flow of funding and spending related to the French Guiana Space Centre.

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The Democratization of Space Data: Unlocking New Opportunities for Humanity

The democratization of space data refers to the process of making space-derived information and data more accessible, affordable, and usable for the broader public. This article reviews associated implications.

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Horizon Scanning in the Space Economy: Anticipating Opportunities and Challenges

What is horizon scanning? Why is it important in the context of the space economy?

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Russia’s Orbital Service Station and its Impact on the Space Economy

A quick overview the proposed Russian Orbital Service Station.

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Report: Demand Drivers of the Lunar Cislunar Economy (IDA 2020)

To ascertain whether private sector demand could support commercial lunar activities, NASA requested that the IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI) examine the present contours and future scale of demand drivers of lunar and cislunar activities through 2040, with a focus on non-NASA commercial demand. This report summarizes STPI’s assessment of demand from civil and commercial sources for lunar and cislunar activities, including the factors that drive that demand.

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Report: EU Space for Green Transformation (EUSPA 2023)

This study aims to introduce the EU Green Deal, its implications for companies, and how EU Space can help companies to address their green transformation, presenting current practices of EU-based champions in sustainability management, and how companies can benefit from the EU Space Programme applications.

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US Space Force Acquisition Tenets

US Space Force’s 9 Space Acquisition Tenets

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What is the Difference Between FSS, MSS and VSAT?

Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), Mobile Satellite Service (MSS), and Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) are different types of satellite communication offerings, each with distinct characteristics and applications.

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What is Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)?

What is FSS? What are the applications? Who are the customers? Who are the service providers? What are the associated adoption and operational challenges?

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Sky-High Entertainment: Exploring Satellite Radio

Satellite radio is a digital broadcasting service that uses satellites orbiting the Earth to transmit radio signals to receivers on the ground. It offers superior sound quality and wider coverage than traditional AM/FM radio, which relies on terrestrial radio transmitters. Satellite radio has become a popular choice for people who want access to a diverse range of programming, including music, news, talk shows, sports, and more.

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Geopolitical Events and Their Impact on the Space Economy

This article discusses the impact of geopolitical events on the space economy, and provides specific examples of events that have had a profound impact on this growing industry.

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The New Space Race: United States, China, and Russia Compete for Supremacy and Economic Advantages

This article reviews the motivations and activities of these three major players in the modern space race and discusses the implications of this competition on the space economy.

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Cloud Computing: Revolutionizing the Space Economy

This article reviews the role cloud computing plays in the space economy, highlighting its importance and potential applications for companies in the space economy.

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Report: Investigating UK Public Sector Demand for Earth Observation Technology (SAC 2022)

The study identified 300 UK public sector organisations, of which 125 were current or potential users of EO data. Across these 125 organisations, 136 active use cases were captured, of which 62 were categorised as operational and 74 as exploratory. The 125 organisations identified have been classified according to their ‘maturity’ (experience or expertise) in EO data use. Challenges to adoption were identified and discussed.

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Report: Generation Space Index Q1 2023 (Seraphim Space)

In Q1, private investment in SpaceTech significantly rebounded, with total investment reaching $14bn, up 75% from $801m in 04 2022. This marks the highest number of deals in a single quarter, with 128 deals closed in Q1 and a total of 402 deals on a TTM (Trailing Twelve Months) basis. While early-stage deals remain dominant, Q1 saw a 120% increase in growth deals compared to the previous quarter, as many growth-stage companies returned to raise financing after delaying throughout 2022. European growth-stage companies thrived, securing five out of the top ten international round sizes. Europe played a key role in driving Q1’s rebound, emphasising the region’s growing prominence in the SpaceTech sector. All subsectors experienced a decrease in investments, except for Product, which saw significant investments in climate-focused products leveraging space data.

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The South Atlantic Anomaly and its Impact on the Space Economy

The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is a region of weakened Earth’s magnetic field located over the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Cyber Security and the Space Economy

This article reviews the critical role that cyber security plays in the space economy, the challenges it faces, and the innovative solutions needed to ensure a secure and prosperous future.

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Navigating the Space Economy: Understanding the Different Types of Standards

Standards play a critical role in ensuring safety, interoperability, and efficiency among different spacefaring nations, organizations, and technologies. This article reviews the various types of standards applicable to the space economy.

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How Can Space Technology Help Location Based Services (LBS)?

Location based services (LBS) are services that use real-time geospatial data to provide information, entertainment, or security based on the user’s location.

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The Economic Impact of War in Space: A Look at the Potential Consequences

This article explores the potential economic impact of war in space, considering both direct and indirect consequences on global economies.

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The Infrastructure Behind Satellite Communication: Ground Equipment Explained

The following article provides an explanation of satellite ground equipment, focusing on its key components and their functions.

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The Pillars of Competitiveness and Their Relevance to the Space Economy

This article describes the pillars of competitiveness and discusses their relevance to the emerging space economy.

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Report: Space Investment Quarterly Q1 2023 (Space Capital 2023)

The venture market continued its reset in 01’23 driven by a challenging market and rate environment. Broadly, across tech, venture funding to startups fell by more than 50% YoY to $76B globally and $37B in the U.S., the lowest in 13 quarters. This directly affects investment in the Space Economy given that VCs continue to be the primary source of capital for space companies with $1.3B invested across 68 rounds in Q1, accounting for 60% of total investment and 76% of total rounds.

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The Disruptive Innovation Model and its Relevance to the Space Economy

Disruptive innovation can have a transformative impact on entire industries, leading to a shift in market dynamics and sometimes even rendering established products or services obsolete.

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The Debate Over Space as a Global Commons

The concept of outer space as a global commons refers to the idea that outer space should be shared by all nations and used for the collective benefit of humanity. While the 1967 Outer Space Treaty sets the foundation for considering outer space as a global commons, there are complexities and challenges that come with managing and governing this vast domain.

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The Transformation of the Space Economy From Bespoke to Standard Products

The space economy has witnessed rapid evolution in recent years, spurred by both public and private investments. As the sector expands, there is a noticeable trend of moving from bespoke to more standardized products, which is reshaping the way the industry approaches space exploration and utilization.

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Press Release: NASA Creates In-Space Servicing, Assembly, Manufacturing Consortium (NASA 2023)

NASA announced on April 19, 2023, a new consortium focused on making in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM) capabilities a routine part of space architectures and mission lifecycles.

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Report: NASA’s Moon to Mars Architecture (NASA 2023)

NASA is leading a global, peaceful endeavor for human-led exploration and scientific discovery in deep space. This is a summary of NASA’s recent body of architectural planning that sets the stage for a new era of exploration at the Moon and Mars.

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Navigating the Final Frontier: A Guide to Governance of the Space Economy

In the context of the space economy, governance refers to the system of rules, principles, policies, norms, and institutions that shape and regulate activities related to outer space. This article provides a detailed look at the objectives of governance, institutions involved, and the tools available to establish governance.

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The Value of Standardization and Interoperability in the Space Economy

As the space industry continues to grow, the need for standardization, compatibility, interoperability, interchangeability, and commonality becomes increasingly important.

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Company Profile: Spaceflight, Inc.

Spaceflight Inc is a private company that focuses on small satellite launch services, acting as both a launch broker and a payload integrator. Founded in 2010 by Jason Andrews, the company aims to lower the barriers to entry for organizations looking to access space by providing cost-effective and reliable launch opportunities. Spaceflight Inc has successfully launched numerous satellites and payloads for a wide range of customers, including private companies, government agencies, and research institutions.

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Ethical Considerations in Human Space Exploration

Space ethics are more important than you may be aware of! Details inside this article…

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Company Profile: SiriusXM

Sirius XM Holdings Inc., commonly referred to as SiriusXM, is an American broadcasting company that primarily provides satellite radio and online radio services. Founded in 2008 as a result of the merger between Sirius Satellite Radio and XM Satellite Radio, SiriusXM is the largest satellite radio provider in the United States.

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What is VSAT?

This article reviews very small aperture antenna technology, customers, applications, service providers and challenges.

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Understanding NASA’s Technology Readiness Levels Classification System

This article provides an overview of the TRL classification system, its importance, and the criteria for each level.

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What is a Satellite Transponder?

Satellite Transponders Satellite transponders are electronic devices that receive, amplify, and retransmit signals between a satellite and ground-based communication systems. They are an essential component of modern communication satellites, allowing for the transmission of various types of signals, including television and radio broadcasts, telephone services, and broadband internet access. Satellite transponders operate within a specific […]

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The Era of Adaptive Space Systems: Understanding Software-Defined Satellites

This article provides an overview of software-defined satellites, including their key features and benefits.

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Report: Starship – Impact On The Satcom Industry (ISU 2022)

Starship, SpaceX’s latest reusable launch vehicle and the world’s most powerful rocket in development, is expected to cause a significant impact on the satellite telecommunications industry. Reductions in launch costs, higher payload masses to orbit, a larger payload fairing, and frequent launches are all factors that would individually disrupt the SatCom industry. Starship is redefining all four factors simultaneously.

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Company Profile: Exolaunch

Exolaunch is a leading player in the small satellite launch services market, offering launch brokerage, payload integration, and deployment solutions. With a strong track record of successful satellite launches and partnerships with leading international launch providers, Exolaunch has become a trusted partner for small satellite operators looking to access space reliably and cost-effectively.

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Report: McGill Manual on International Law Applicable to Military Uses of Outer Space (McGill 2022)

The McGill Manual is intended to support efforts to strengthen the safe, secure, and sustainable use of outer space by clarifying the international law applicable to military space activities.

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The New Space Age: Democratization and Its Impact on the Space Economy

The term “democratization of space” refers to the increasing accessibility and participation of a wider range of actors in space exploration and utilization. Historically, space activities were dominated by government-funded programs and a few major players, such as the United States, Russia, China, and later the European Space Agency. However, a lot has changed in recent years. This article reviews how these changes have advanced the democratization of space.

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Assured Access to Space: A Critical Component of Modern Military Operations

What is assured access to space and why is it important?

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NASA Spinoff Program: Challenges and Success Stories

This article will explore the challenges faced by the Spinoff Program and discuss 4 case studies of successful technology transfers.

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The Art of Corporate Acquisition and the Space Economy: Motivations, Historical Trends, and Forecasts

Corporate acquisitions are a common business strategy used by organizations to expand their operations, enter new markets, or acquire new technologies. This article reviews the motivations behind acquisitions, past history of acquisitions in the space economy, and forecasts of potential future acquisitions.

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What Role Does Technology Play in Motivating Customer Purchases in the Space Economy?

Why do customers make purchase decisions? How does technology play a role?

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All The Myriad Ways a Space Economy Startup Can Fail: Space is Hard and So Are Startups

The space economy is a growing industry, with numerous startups emerging and disrupting traditional models with innovative solutions. However, the harsh reality is that many startups will fail within the first few years. There are several reasons why these companies struggle, including funding challenges, regulatory issues, technical difficulties, competition, and market demand. This article reviews the common reasons why startups fail and provides insights into how entrepreneurs can avoid these pitfalls and increase their chances of success.

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The Expanding Horizons of the Space Economy: An Overview of Operational Domains

This article outlines and explains the following operational domains: terrestrial, suborbital, Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Cislunar, lunar surface, and deep space.

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Report: Commercial Space Capabilities and Market Overview (RAND, 2022)

As the commercial space industry continues to grow in capability, capacity, and diversity, opportunities for the U.S. Space Force (USSF) and the U.S. Department of Defense to leverage commercial space capabilities are expanding. In this review of commercial space capabilities that could support the USSF’s future space architecture and innovation ecosystem, the authors characterize capabilities and trends in the commercial market through mid-2020.

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Report: Time to Designate Space Systems as Critical Infrastructure (CSC 2023)

The U.S. today is in a different kind of space race, one whose satellites and advanced support systems are critical not just to our military, but to everyday activities like air travel, cell phone use, and banking. These systems help support the backbone of the American economy and U.S. national security, which is why our nation’s adversaries continue to devise and test capabilities to destroy them. With the volume and sophistication of commercial space assets growing, policymakers should designate U.S. space systems as critical infrastructure and invest accordingly.

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From Earth to Orbit: A Guide to Market Entry Challenges in the Space Economy

This article provides a review of general types of market entry barriers, followed by a separate section that discusses these barriers in the context of the space economy.

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Report: Lunar Policy Handbook (Moon Dialogs 2023)

This Lunar Policy Handbook is an important tool and topical resource for anyone interested in lunar exploration.

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Small Satellites, Big Impact: Sustainability in the Space Economy

This article reviews the world of small satellites and their role in promoting sustainability in the space industry.

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Small Satellite Deorbiting Technologies: Ensuring a Cleaner Space Environment

This article reviews some of the innovative small satellite deorbiting technologies that contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable space environment.

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Report: Global Counterspace Capabilities – An Open Source Assessment (SWF 2023)

This report compiles and assesses publicly available information on the counterspace capabilities being developed by multiple countries across five categories: direct-ascent, co-orbital, electronic warfare, directed energy, and cyber. It assesses the current and near-term future capabilities for each country, along with their potential military utility.

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UAE’s Ambitious Leap into the Cosmos: The Space Program’s Vision for the Future

This article reviews the program’s milestones, future plans, and the significance of the UAE’s space endeavors for the region and the world.

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Report: Assessing the Readiness for Human Commercial Spaceflight Safety Regulations (RAND, 2023)

At the request of Congress, RAND researchers assessed the progress that the commercial spaceflight industry has made in adopting voluntary safety standards, the industry’s progress in meeting key industry metrics set out by the Federal Aviation Administration in 2017, and whether the industry has reached a level of maturity such that certain areas identified in previous Federal Aviation Administration reports are ready for regulatory action.

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Soaring Beyond the Skies: A Deep Dive into the UAE’s Astronaut Program

The United Arab Emirates’ Astronaut Program, established in 2017, is an essential component of the nation’s ambitious space initiatives.

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Timeline of FSS, MSS and VSAT Satellite Services

Timeline of significant satellite communications events.

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How Can Space Technology Help Climate Change?

Space technology has the potential to play a significant role in the fight against climate change.

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Preparing for Severe Space Weather: The United States’ Strategy and Past Case Studies

Severe space weather can have catastrophic impacts… how is the United States preparing?

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Report: NASA’s Moon to Mars Strategy and Objectives Development (NASA, 2023)

This document provides NASA’s Moon to Mars strategy and top-level goals and objectives.

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Thought Experiment: What Would be the Implications of Ultra-Low-Cost Access To Space?

Assume that the launch cost becomes less than $100 a kilogram. What are potential market disruptions? What negative consequences might be created?

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Space Economy and Environmental Social Governance: Navigating the Final Frontier

This article discusses the importance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles in shaping the space economy and ensuring that the final frontier is explored responsibly.

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The Great American Solar Eclipse of 2024: A Celestial Spectacle to Remember

On April 8, 2024, North America will be treated to a breathtaking celestial event: a total solar eclipse.

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The Grand Challenges of Space Exploration

A grand challenge is a complex, multifaceted problem that requires significant innovation, research, and collaboration to solve.

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Reaching for the Stars: How Space Technology Bolsters STEM Education

This article reviews the various ways space technology can contribute to the improvement of STEM education, and outlines some of the most promising initiatives in this area.

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Report: Space Market – How to Facilitate Access and Create an Open and Competitive Market (2021)

This study provides an analysis of the European space economy.

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Economic Taxonomy Unraveled: NAICS, ISIC, NACE, and ANZSIC Compared and Contrasted

This article will discuss NAICS and its comparable systems, including the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), the European Union’s Nomenclature of Economic Activities (NACE), and the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC).

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The European Space Agency: A Collaborative Force for Space Exploration

This article provides an overview of ESA, its history, objectives, and notable achievements, as well as a glimpse into its future projects.

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Presentation: NASA and Smallsat Cost Estimation Overview and Model Tools (2020)

This presentation provides insight into NASA’s approach to cost estimation.

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A History of Havoc: The Most Disruptive Solar Storms and Their Consequences

This article reviews some of the worst solar storms in history and the consequences they brought.

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United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the Relevance to the Space Economy

This article explores the relevance of the UN SDGs to the space economy and how the two can synergistically work together to create a more sustainable and equitable future.

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Report: Towards EU Leadership in the Space Sector Through Open Strategic Autonomy (2023)

This report looks how the EU can reduce its dependencies on other countries relative to the EU’s space sector.

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What is Mobile Satellite Service (MSS)?

This article reviews the world of MSS, exploring what it is, market size, its applications, who the customers are, what the customer adoption challenges are, who the MSS operators are and the challenges they face.

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Report: Dependence of the European Economy on Space Infrastructures (2017)

What would be the impact of a total loss, howsoever caused and for an undetermined duration, of operational space infrastructures (NAV, COM, and EO) to the European Union economy?

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Report: China’s Space Program (2022)

This report, “China’s Space Program: A 2021 Perspective”, was published in January 2022.

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What are Very High Throughput Satellites and Why are They Important?

Very High Throughput Satellites (VHTS) are a more advanced generation of high throughput satellites (HTS) that provide even greater data transmission capacity and higher data rates than traditional HTS.

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Economy, Sector, Industry, Business, Market, Ecosystem: Understanding the Interconnected World of Commerce

To better understand the space economy, it is important to be familiar with some key terms: economy, sector, industry, market, and ecosystem. These terms are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings that are critical for grasping the intricacies of business. This article explores the definitions of these terms, their relationships, and their differences.

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Should Space be Considered Critical Infrastructure by Governments?

This article presents arguments for yes and arguments for no.

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How Can Space Technology Help The Aviation Industry?

How can space technology help the aviation industry?

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The Cost of Catastrophe: Assessing the Impact of Accidents on the Space Economy

Accidents will happen… what will be the consequences?

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What are High Throughput Satellites and Why are They Important?

High throughput satellites (HTS) are a class of communication satellites that provide significantly higher data transmission capacity compared to traditional satellites.

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Ancillary Services: Supporting the Space Economy’s Expansion

This article discusses the importance of ancillary services in the context of the space economy and explores some of the key areas where they are making a significant impact.

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A Comprehensive Guide to the SAR Satellite Imagery Pipeline

This article presents details of the pipeline for SAR satellite imagery, from data acquisition to post-processing and final applications.

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Robotic Exploration Spacecraft Taxonomy

Robotic exploration spacecraft are specially designed and constructed systems that are used in scientific exploration our solar system. Their complexity and capabilities vary greatly and their purposes are diverse. The spacecraft can be classified using the taxonomy presented in this article.

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What are the Components of a Satellite?

This article describes the major components of satellites.

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The Hidden Value of the Space Economy

This article reviews space economy spillovers.

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National Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan for Near-Earth Object Hazards and Planetary Defense (2023)

This National Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan for Near-Earth Object Hazards and Planetary Defense (2023 Planetary Defense Strategy) updates the United States’ first comprehensive Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan, released in 2018. The 2023 Planetary Defense Strategy builds on existing efforts by Federal Departments and Agencies to address the hazard of NEO impacts, includes evaluation of where progress has been made since 2018, and focuses future work on planetary defense across the U.S. government.

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Report: Satellite Applications for Humanitarian Emergencies

A landscaping of over 500 humanitarian satellite applications.

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The Space Age Cowboy: A Comparative Study of Dude Ranches and Space Tourism Vacation Adventures

In this article, the commonalities between these two distinctive vacation experiences will be unveiled.

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Patenting the Final Frontier: Intellectual Property Issues in Space

One of the main challenges related to intellectual property in space is determining who owns the rights to discoveries made in space.

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What is Hybrid Space Communications?

This article provides a quick explanation of what hybrid space communications is.

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What is the Difference Between Spinoff, Spinout, and Spillover?

This article explains the differences.

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Dual Dimensions: The Impact of Dual-Use Space Technologies on the Space Economy

The dual-use nature of space technologies has significant implications for the space economy, creating opportunities for investment, market expansion, and innovation, while also posing challenges related to export control, security concerns, and international cooperation.

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What is the Difference Between Space Militarization and Space Weaponization?

This article explains the differences between the two concepts.

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Small Satellite Regulation in the U.S.: Balancing Innovation and Oversight

This article examines the current state of small satellite regulation in the U.S. and the challenges and opportunities facing this rapidly evolving sector.

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Additive Printing and its Impact on the Space Economy

This article reviews the evolution of additive printing, its future trends, and its impact on the space economy.

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Globalization and Space Economy Supply Chains

A review of the ways globalization influences space economy supply chains.

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The New Frontier: Geopolitics of Outer Space

This article discusses the emerging geopolitical landscape of outer space, highlighting the key players, their interests, and potential conflicts.

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Orbiting Prosperity: Measuring The Socioeconomic Benefits of the Space Economy

Socioeconomic benefits refer to the positive outcomes or advantages that arise from the interplay between social and economic factors within a society. This article reviews typical KPIs that are used to measure the socioeconomic benefits of the space economy.

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The Interplay of Government Policy and Commercial Organizations in the Space Economy’s Growth

This article discusses the symbiotic relationship between government policy and commercial organizations relative to driving the growth and commercialization of emerging markets within the space economy.

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Nationalization and Sovereign Capability: Shaping the Space Economy

This article reviews nationalization, and sovereign capability, and their potential impact on the space economy.

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What is the Difference Between a Supply Chain and a Value Chain?

The supply chain and value chain are two closely related concepts that describe different aspects of how goods and services are produced, delivered, and consumed. While both are important to understanding the overall process of delivering value to customers, they have distinct focuses and purposes.

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Thought Experiments and Their Applications in the Space Economy

Thought experiments are a valuable intellectual tool that has been used by scientists, philosophers, and entrepreneurs for centuries to examine hypothetical scenarios, explore uncharted territories, and push the boundaries of human knowledge.

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How Can Space Technology Help The Internet Of Things?

This article explores how space technology can help the Internet of Things, examining various applications and benefits, and discusses the challenges and opportunities.

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The Ripple Effect: How Natural Disasters Impact the Space Economy

This article explores the various ways in which natural disasters can affect the space economy and provides specific examples of how these events have shaped the industry in the past.

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Space-Based Solar Power: Harnessing the Sun’s Energy from Space

This article explores the concept of space-based solar power, identifies the challenges, and highlights ongoing initiatives to overcome these challenges.

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What is a Satellite Bus and Why is it Important?

Definitions, pros and cons, manufacturers, example satellites using standardized satellite bus, cost of standardized satellite bus

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What is Cislunar Space and its Implications for the Space Economy?

Cislunar space is poised to become an important part of the space economy in the long term. The strategic importance of this region, coupled with its potential for new market opportunities, will drive investment, innovation, and job creation.

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National Low Earth Orbit Research and Development Strategy (March 2023)

This Strategy prioritizes the use of LEO for the benefits of humanity. It will also enable a sustained human presence in space. This Strategy outlines five policy objectives and supporting activities in LEO.

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Report: Earth Observation Applications Case Studies

Detailed case studies from ESA

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The Challenges of Building a New Spaceport

A spaceport, also known as a cosmodrome or launch complex, is a specialized facility designed for the construction, maintenance, launch, and recovery of spacecraft and their payloads. What are the challenges associated with building a spaceport?

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Journey to the Red Planet: The Roadmap to Sustainable Martian Settlements

This article explores the challenges and key factors involved in achieving this ambitious goal, discussing relevant perspectives from industry leaders, outlining the steps required for establishing a sustainable colony on Mars, and providing rough timelines for this monumental endeavor.

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NASA’s Commercial Crew Program: A Look at Its History, Challenges, and Benefits

This article provides an analysis of the program, including a historical timeline, challenges, and benefits.

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The Pros and Cons of Targeting the Military Industry for Space Companies

This article reviews the pros and cons of targeting the military industry to help an entrepreneur understand the potential advantages and drawbacks associated with this market.

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Space Militarization and its Impact on the Space Economy

This article discusses the ongoing militarization of space and its implications for the space economy, focusing on areas such as satellite technology, communication, and strategic competition.

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How Can Space Technology Help The Maritime Industry?

This article reviews the maritime industry and how space technology can add value.

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Launch Flight Safety Ranges – A Comprehensive Guide

Launch flight safety ranges, also referred to as launch ranges or simply flight safety ranges, are designated areas or zones around a launch site established to ensure the safety of personnel, equipment, and the general public during the launch of a rocket or a spacecraft. These safety ranges involve a set of protocols, procedures, and systems designed to minimize the risks associated with a launch.

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Spaceports as Hubs for Economic Development

There is more to Spaceports than just launching rockets!

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Timing is Everything

This article explores what the launch window is, why it is important, and how it affects space exploration.

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How Does Space Weather Affect Weather on Earth?

Space weather can have a range of effects on weather patterns on Earth.

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Earth’s Magnetosphere: The Invisible Guardian of the Space Economy

This article discusses the Earth’s magnetosphere, its significance to the space economy, and the challenges it poses to future space endeavors.

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Mold in Space: The Hidden Danger Astronauts Face

Mold is a type of fungus that thrives in moist environments, making space stations an ideal breeding ground for it. The presence of mold in space stations can lead to a variety of health problems for astronauts, including allergic reactions, respiratory problems, and even infections.

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Satellite Classification Taxonomy

Satellites can be classified in various ways depending on their purpose, orbit, and design. This article reviews the common classifications.

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Unveiling the Earth: A Guide to Different Earth Observation Products

This article provides an overview of the different types of Earth observation products, their applications, and their unique features.

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Report: Size and Health of the UK Space Industry 2022

Published on March 28, 2023

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NASA’s ISS Procedures: Responding to Space Weather

This article explores the procedures NASA has implemented to detect, prepare for, and respond to space weather events on the ISS.

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The Space Economy: Unlocking New Opportunities for Economic Development

What tools are available to Governments to support economic development in the space economy?

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Protectionism and the Space Economy: A Double-Edged Sword

This article explores the concept of protectionism, its consequences, and provides specific examples where protectionism has impacted the space economy.

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Spaceports: Transportation Hubs of the 21st Century

Detailed spaceport maps for Global, European, and United States

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Delving into the US Space Industry Deep Dive: A Retrospective Look at the 2014 Government Study

This article revisits the key takeaways from the study and discusses how it has shaped the industry in the years since its publication.

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How EUSPA Space Technology Helps Sustainable Forest Management

From promoting reforestation to preventing deforestation, degradation and fires, the EU Space Programme is an essential tool for sustainable forest management. Here’s six ways that Copernicus, EGNOS and Galileo are all working to ensure that everyone can benefit from healthy forests.

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Unraveling the Mysteries of the Sun’s 11-Year Cycle: Solar Maxima, Minima, and Beyond

This article explores the intricacies of the solar cycle, including the concepts of solar maxima and minima, the impact on Earth, and ongoing research in this area.

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How Can Space Technology Help The Rail Industry?

How does space technology help railway operators and passengers?

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Free Earth Observation Data… A Quick Overview of The Landsat Data Access Program

Imagery is available for free… no restrictions.

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Technology Export Regulations and Implications for the Space Economy

This article explores technology export regulations and discusses their impact on the space economy.

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How Can Space Technology Help Emergency Management Services?

Overview of the ways that satellite technology can save lives.

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The Big One and the Space Economy: Understanding the Consequences of a Major Earthquake in California

If the long overdue “big one” earthquake were to hit California, it would have significant consequences on various industries, including the space economy. Many space-related companies have headquarters, manufacturing facilities, or launch sites in California.

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Decoding the Space Industry: A Closer Look at the NAICS Classification System and its Application to Satellite and Launch Companies

This article explores the NAICS classification system, examines how it applies to space economy businesses and discusses its importance for businesses and governments.

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How Can Space Technology Help Predict Earthquakes?

An overview of the ways that satellite technology is used to help predict earthquakes.

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The Pros and Cons of Horizontal Integration for Earth Observation Satellite Operators

This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal integration for Earth observation satellite operators, as well as the current state of the industry in terms of horizontal integration.

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Horizontal vs. Vertical Markets: A Look into the Space Economy

This article explores the distinctions between horizontal and vertical markets and provides examples in the context of the space economy.

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Satellite Imagery Applications

SAR briefing

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The Pros and Cons of Vertical Integration for Earth Observation Satellite Operators

This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of vertical integration for Earth observation satellite operators, as well as the current state of the industry in terms of vertical integration.

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How Can Space Technology Help The Mining Industry?

Describes how satellite technology is used in the mining industry.

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Enhancing Satellite Imagery Insights: The Power of Data Fusion in SAR Remote Sensing

Discusses data fusion and synthetic aperture radar satellite imagery

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Commerce, NASA Begin U.S. Civil Space Industrial Base Assessment (March 2023)

Joint Project will Collect Data on Supply Chains Affiliated with NASA and NOAA

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What is the FCC’s Role in Commercial Space?

This article describes the role the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) plays in regulating satellites in the United States.

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How can Artificial Intelligence be used in Space Technology?

Discusses ways in which AI is currently used, and can be used, to advance space technology.

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How Can Space Technology Help the Agriculture Industry?

How does satellite technology benefit agriculture?

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Lunar Economy Taxonomy – Moon Village Association

Moon Village Association lunar economy taxonomy overview

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Space Economy Taxonomy – ESA and Dealroom

Overview of ESA space economy taxonomy

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Space Resource Mining… What is it and How Real is it?

A short history of space resources mining.

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How Can Space Technology Help Dam Management and Maintenance?

This article explores how satellite technology can help in dam management and maintenance.

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Space Economy Horizontal and Vertical Markets – A Quick Overview

Example of horizontal and vertical markets in the space economy

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New Orbital Rockets on the Horizon – 2023 edition

Comprehensive database and analysis of launch vehicles on the horizon.

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FAA Commercial Space Data 2010 to 2023

To help commercial space companies and others interested in this industry, the FAA publishes data on all commercial space-related activities in their commercial space transportation licensing database.

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BryceTech Smallsats by the Numbers 2023

Analysis of small satellites activities in 2022 by BryceTech.

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What is Gartner’s “Magic Quadrant” and Relevance to the Space Economy – A Quick Overview

Currently nothing space economy specific, but potentially space company relevant.

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Researching NASA Research, Technology, Collaborations, and More – A Quick Overview

Several very useful research tools provided by NASA..

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Space System Segments – A Quick Overview

Answers the question – What are the segments of a space system?

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SWOT Analysis: An Essential Part of Market Analysis

Provides resources for creating a business SWOT

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Insights into Space Logistics Vehicles

Facts and figures based upon a review of the competitive landscape for space logistics vehicles.

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Space Start-ups Funding Stages – A Quick Overview

Review of funding stages that space start-ups can go through

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Space Economy Taxonomy – Space Tech Database

Taxonomy used by dealroom.co for their space tech database

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Everything You Wanted to Know About SpaceX from a Business Perspective…

Pointers to top articles addressing elements of the SpaceX business, including: cost to reuse Falcon 9 boosters, financials, payload customers, and $/kg competitive positioning.

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Space Economy Market Segmentation Taxonomies – General

Some common areas of market segmentation

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Space Capital 4Q 2022 Investment Report

$4.7 billion investment made in 4Q 2022

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What is the Value Chain of the Space Economy?

Provides an overview of the space economy value chain and highlights different interpretations by different organizations.

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What is a “Space Company” – A Quick Overview

OECD definition of what should be considered a “Space Company”

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Space Economy Estimated to be $424 billion in 2022 – Euroconsult Report Overview

A quick overview

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Funding and Sales Resources for Space Entrepreneurs

Online resources for discovering funding sources and sales opportunities.

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Astra Space Inc. Countdown to $0?

Not much sand left in the hourglass…

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Timeline of U.S. Actions to Protect Lunar Historical Sites and Artifacts

Timeline of United States actions from 2011 to 2022 to protect historical lunar artifacts and sites.

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US and Space – 2002 Looking into the 21st-Century

20 years ago, what did the experts think was important to do in order to secure US leadership in space in the 21st-century? How have things progressed so far?

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Timeline of Space Marketing from 1962 to the Present

Follows the development of space marketing from the beginning to present day. Advertising campaigns and important milestones are provided.

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NASA’s Plan to Foster a US Commercial Space Industry – A Quick Overview

NASA goals and implementation strategies related to developing a sustainable US commercial space industry.

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NASA and the New Space Economy – A Quick Overview

NASA’s key role in the new space economy.

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NASA’s Consolidated Acquisition Forecast – Sales Prospecting Resources

How to access the public acquisition forecast for NASA…

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UK National Space Policy – A Quick Overview

Summary of February 2022 UK National Space Strategy document.

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NASA In-Space Production Applications (InSPA) Priorities for Funding – A Quick Overview

What are the areas related to in-space manufacturing that NASA is interested in funding?

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The Value of Microgravity for Manufacturing – A Quick Overview

What are the characteristics of microgravity that may benefit manufacturing activities?

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Space Systems vs Counterspace Threats – A Quick Overview

What are the counterspace threats and how do space systems minimize their vulnerability?

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Space Logistics – A Quick Overview

What is the scope of space logistics, what are the services available, what are the benefits for customers?

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Guess Who is SpaceX’s Best Customer?

You may be surprised!

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Insights into US Astronauts Use of Medication on ISS between 2002 and 2012

What medications were used, why and how often?

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Insights into the Space Logistics of ISS from 2017 to 2020

This article summarizes the results of a NASA analysis of consumables supplies sent to the ISS between October 2017 to February 2020.

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Timeline of China’s Lunar Exploration Program from 2007 to 2035+

Infographics overview of China’s lunar exploration program. Coverage includes program phases and specific missions.

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What do you think the X-37B’s mission is?

As with many secret projects, there is ongoing speculation regarding the hidden “REAL” purpose of the X-37…

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Timeline of In-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (ISAM) Advances – Past, Present and Future

A comprehensive timeline of ISAM / OSAM major advances and milestones from 1961 into the future.

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Space Insurance – A Quick Overview

The same way you might purchase insurance for your home or automobile, satellite operators can purchase insurance for their satellites. What type of space insurance is available and what does it cover?

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More Insights into NASA Annual Budgets from 1959 to 2022

Interactive data visualizations of NASA annual budget from 1959 to 2022.

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Space Company Acquisitions Watch

This article focuses on Space Start-ups and their potential for acquisition in 2023+.

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Insights into US Spaceports

Interactive data visualizations and data set related to United States spaceports.

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Insights into Global Orbital Spaceports

Interactive data visualizations and data set related to global orbital spaceports.

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Insights into NASA Launch Vehicle Costs from 1959 to 2022

Interactive data visualizations of launch vehicle costs for NASA planetary exploration missions.

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Launch Operations Processes – A Quick Overview

What happens before the rocket leaves the launch pad? This article provides a quick overview of launch operations processes.

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Space Companies Market Capitalization (Publicly Traded)

Current market capitalization of publicly traded space companies.

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How Many Active Orbital Rocket Types Currently Exist?

As of October 10, 2022

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Industry Disruptor: SpaceX Falcon 9 LEO Launch Pricing 2010 to 2022

Evolution of Falcon 9 price to launch a kilogram of payload into LEO.

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Estimating Space Launch Prices for Market Comparatives – A Quick Overview

An overview of the different methods for establishing a basis for space launch pricing market comparisons.

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Insights into Operational Orbital Launch Vehicle Types

Insights into global operational launch vehicles.

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Insights into Space Station Logistics Spacecraft – Past, Present, and Future

This article provides an overview of space station logistic spacecraft using data visualizations. Source data set is provided.

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Top 5 List for Fans of SpaceX’s Starship

For those who want to keep on top of SpaceX’s Starship, this article highlights the Top 5 resources to use.

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Research in Space – A Quick Overview

Over 2400 experiments have been performed on ISS since the space station became operational. What has been done, by who, and what are the plans for the future?

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Insights into ISS Experiments

Over 2400 experiments have been performed on ISS since it became operational. This article provides high-level insights into the experiments.

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There is no Difference Between a Government Astronaut and a Space Tourist!

Is there really any difference between a Government Astronaut and a Space Tourist? This article looks at it from the context of market size analysis.

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Space Companies Relative Performance (Publicly Listed)

Charts and associated data set

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Insights into NASA’s Smallsat/Cubesat Fleet Mission Database

Analysis of missions and associated characteristics

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Space Logistics Cargo Spacecraft from the Past to the Future

1998 to the future

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First Orbital Launches of Privately Developed Launch Vehicles from the Past to the Future

1990 to the future

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Space SPAC Companies Performance

Automatically updated charts and data showing the performance of space SPAC companies.

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A Guide to Space Economy Data Sets

This article provides a comprehensive guide to space economy data sets.

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A Timeline of the Smallsat Market – Past, Present, and Future

A comprehensive timeline starting with the first mention of satellite and following the progression of events through the birth of Cubesats, the proliferation of LEO constellations, to the future inevitable decline of LEO constellations and small satellites.

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Astra Space Inc. Company History 2016 to the Present

The roller coaster ride from over $2 billion valuation to less than $200 million…

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New Space Stations on the Horizon

Insights into the 16 operational, planned or proposed space stations.

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Space Stations Current and Future

There are currently 14 operational, planned or proposed Space Stations…

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Insights into Exits of Space StartUps Between 2000 and 2020

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Insights into FAA Licensed Launches from 1989 to August 31, 2022

Visualizations of FAA licensed launch data

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Insights into Virgin Galactic

Virgin Galactic articles compendium

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Insights into Operational Satellites Currently in Orbit Around Earth as of June 2022

Data visualizations providing interesting insights

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Crewed Spacecraft from the Past to the Future

All crewed spacecraft from 1961 to currently planned future vehicles.

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Top 5 Sources for Space Sustainability Information – A Quick Overview

The top sources for US space sustainability policy, regulation and information on what is in orbit.

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Washington State Space Economy 2022

Washington State Space Economy Size 2018 and 2022

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Is space based solar power feasible? Is it affordable?

There is 100 times more solar energy available from a narrow strip around the earth at Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), than the forecast global energy demands of humanity in 2050. Want to know more?

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The UK Space Supply Chain 2022

New report published in 2022

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Origins of the US Commercial Space Industry – A Quick Overview

Covers the period from 1957 to 1996

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What is the FAA’s Role in Commercial Space?

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In-Space Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing National Strategy 2022

This National Strategy outlines how the United States will support and stimulate the United States Government (USG), academic, and commercial ISAM capability development.

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National Orbital Debris Implementation Plan 2022

An interagency implementation plan to guide the actions of the U.S. Government (USG) in addressing orbital debris challenges.

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Space Junk, Space Debris, Orbital Debris – A Quick Overview

An overview using latest information from NASA and ESA.

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State of the Space Industrial Base 2022

New report published August 2022

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How will commercialization of LEO affect the economy?

Three Deloitte Consulting publications address the commercialization of low Earth orbit (LEO) and its associated economic impact.

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Space Economy Taxonomy – Space Capital

Space economy taxonomy from the context of a venture capital firm.

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Space Economy Taxonomy – SpaceFund

Space economy taxonomy from a venture capital perspective.

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New Orbital Rockets on the Horizon

Get the scoop on the maiden flights of new orbital launch vehicles happening in 2022, 2023 and 2024.

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Insights into Rocket Lab

This article consolidates Rocket Lab articles published on newspaceeconomy.ca.

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Space Economy Research Resources

Online resources compendium

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Will Astra be delisted from the Nasdaq?

What is involved in delisting? What are the timelines involved? What is your opinion?

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Launch Costs 1957 to 2019

CSIS June 2022 Report

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FAA Commercial Space Statistics as of August 22, 2022

Commercial Space Data

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FAA is forecasting between 59 and 186 Licensed/Permitted Launches and Reentry Operations in 2026

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Human Landing System – A Quick Overview

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Rocket Lab Presentation 2Q 2022 Investor Update (August 11, 2022)

Investor update presentation

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Rocket Lab Patents as of August 11, 2022 ( $RKLB #RocketLab )

Abstracts for currently assigned patents.

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Rocket Lab Presentation from Bank Of America Conference (August 10, 2022)

A presentation well worth reading!

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Thought Experiment: Five Possible Futures for Rocket Lab?

What possible futures exist for Rocket Lab?

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Smallsat Failure Rates – 2000 to 2016

Summary of NASA analysis from 2019

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Global Space Situational Awareness Services Forecast to Reach $172.7 Million by 2032

Research and Markets published a new report in August 2022, “Space Situational Awareness Services Market – An Analysis of Debris Mitigation, Domain Awareness & Traffic Management Capabilities: Focus on End User, Orbit, Service, and Region – Analysis and Forecast, 2022-2032”. This article provides an overview of the report contents.

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Part 7: Guide to the Stars (of Space Economy & Technology Infographics) Opportunities for Individual Creators

The purpose of this article is to provide creators, or aspiring creators, with an overview of opportunities to carve out a niche in Space Economy & Technology infographics.

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What does the future hold for Astra?

What is your opinion?

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Astra’s new business plan is… bankruptcy in 2023?

What is the plan to profitability? Is there a plan?

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What science did the Axiom Mission 1 perform while on the ISS?

The Axiom Mission 1 operated 25 ISS National Laboratory sponsored experiments. What were those experiments and what were the expected scientific benefits?

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What happened during the Axiom Space Ax-1 ISS mission that made NASA change the rules for future private astronaut missions?

NASA is changing the rules for Private Astronaut (PA) activities and behavior expectations for missions to the ISS. What is NASA changing and why?

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What Are The Fortune Tellers Saying About The Global Space Economy?

This article is a compendium of Space Economy size estimates from government, commercial, and not for profit organizations. .

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Space Economy Taxonomy…

The space economy elephant and the analysts…

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Astra Space Inc. – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)

Astra Space Inc. is heavy on weaknesses and threats.…

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Launch Vehicle Categorizations Made Simple: What You Need To Know

This article provides a concise overview of the different groupings/categorizations for launch vehicles.

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Orbital Launch Vehicles Compendium 2022

Currently active, or under development, orbital launchers in 2022.

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That dog won’t hunt… Rocket Lab’s Neutron Space Launch Vehicle (updated July 15)

Will Neutron be a winner or a dog?

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How to use SEC filings to better understand space economy companies

The SEC provides a freely available database called Edgar which contains information on all publicly traded companies. These companies are required to make filings to the SEC, including: annual reports; and upon the occurrence of specific events that are material to the business. These filings are made available in the Edgar database.

Waste in Space

Originally posted on March 2, 2022 @ 8:22 pm

Paper: From Apollo to the ISS: the Televisual Image in Human Spaceflight (Holland 2023)

This paper presents a history of the televisual image in human spaceflight through analysis of contemporaneous documentary evidence such as spaceflight transcripts and space agency press kits, with a focus also on the technical developments underpinning the broadcasts.

Past, Present, and Future Satellites Launched Visualized (infographic)

Originally posted on March 2, 2022 @ 8:58 am

All of Earth’s Satellites Visualized (Infographic)

Originally posted on March 2, 2022 @ 8:43 am

Report: NASA Sounding Rockets User Handbook (NASA 2023)

This document provides deep insights into the applications, operations and capabilities of sounding rockets.

Report: SpaceX Falcon 9 Boosters Statistics as of June 4, 2023 (@_rykllan 2023)

Latest infographics from @_rykllan

Top 20 Regions Generating Space-Related Patents (2004 to 2008 and 2014 to 2018)

The 2021 document published by OECD, “Space Economy For People, Planet and Prosperity” is focused on providing evidence of the constitution of the space economy to prosperity. In the document it provides an overview of the patent activity associated with space related inventions.

Space Economy Taxonomy – Delliote

Report: Large LEO Satellite Constellations: Will it be Different This Time? (McKinsey 2020)

This report indicates that companies planning large LEO satellite internet constellations still need to reduce arange of costs significantly to ensure long-term viability. Lowering launch costs is one part of the equation, but it will be equally or more critical to reduce the cost of manufacturing spacecraft, ground equipment, and user equipment. If suppliers and constellation providers can achieve these cuts, they could unlock enough demand for large LEO constellations to transform both the B2C and B2B communications markets.