Black holes are regions in space with extremely strong gravitational forces that nothing, not even light, can escape.
Comets are made of a combination of rock, dust, ice, and organic compounds.
Galaxies are vast systems of stars, gas, dust, and other celestial objects held together by gravity.
Meteor showers occur when Earth passes through the debris left by a comet or asteroid, causing numerous meteors to be visible in the night sky.
Gravity is caused by the warping of spacetime around massive objects. Objects with mass create a gravitational field that attracts other objects towards them.
Meteoroids are small rocky or metallic objects in space that range in size from tiny grains to several meters in diameter.
The Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, are caused by the interaction of charged particles from the Sun with the Earth’s magnetic field.
The tides on Earth are primarily caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the gravitational pull of the Sun.
Astronauts eat specially prepared food that is vacuum-sealed and packaged to prevent spoilage. It includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, meats, and other nutrient-rich foods.
Astronauts wear spacesuits called Extravehicular Mobility Units (EMUs) during spacewalks outside the spacecraft. Inside the spacecraft, they wear comfortable clothing.
Telescopes are instruments used to observe distant objects in space, allowing us to study planets, stars, galaxies, and other celestial phenomena.
NASA stands for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the United States’ space agency responsible for civilian space exploration and research.
Mars rovers are robotic vehicles sent to explore the surface of Mars, studying its geology, climate, and potential for past or present life.
A supernova is a powerful explosion that occurs at the end of a massive star’s life. It releases an enormous amount of energy and can briefly outshine an entire galaxy.
Inside a black hole, the matter is compressed into an incredibly small volume, and gravity becomes infinitely strong, forming what is called a singularity.
A meteor is a small celestial object that enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, creating a bright streak of light often called a shooting star.
A meteorite is a meteoroid that survives its passage through the Earth’s atmosphere and lands on the Earth’s surface.
A neutron star is a highly compact and dense remnant of a massive star that has undergone a supernova explosion. It is composed mainly of neutrons.
A shooting star is another term for a meteor—a small celestial object that enters Earth’s atmosphere and burns up, creating a brief streak of light in the sky.
A star cluster is a group of stars that are gravitationally bound and formed from the same molecular cloud. There are two main types: globular clusters and open clusters.
A telescope is an instrument that collects and focuses light to observe distant objects in space, such as planets, stars, galaxies, and nebulae.
An eclipse occurs when one celestial body passes into the shadow of another celestial body. This can refer to solar eclipses, lunar eclipses, or eclipses of other moons within our solar system.
An orbit is the curved path followed by an object, such as a planet or a satellite, as it revolves around a more massive object, usually due to the influence of gravity.
Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to permeate all of space and is responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.
Interstellar space is the space between star systems within a galaxy. It is sparsely filled with gas, dust, and the remnants of past stellar explosions.
NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover is a robotic mission designed to explore the surface of Mars, searching for signs of ancient microbial life and collecting rock samples for future return to Earth.
Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of celestial bodies in outer space. It includes the study of planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and other astronomical phenomena.
Space junk refers to defunct human-made objects in space that no longer serve any useful purpose. It poses a threat to operational satellites and spacecraft.
Space travel refers to human or robotic travel beyond Earth’s atmosphere into space. It includes missions to other planets, moons, asteroids, and beyond.
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing scientific explanation for the origin of the universe. It suggests that the universe began as a singularity and has been expanding ever since.
A moon is a natural satellite that orbits a planet, while a planet is a celestial body that orbits a star, is spherical in shape, and has cleared its orbit of other debris.
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial objects and phenomena, while astrology is a belief system that suggests a relationship between celestial events and human affairs.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking all or a portion of the Sun’s light. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.
On average, the distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers), which is known as an astronomical unit (AU).
The distances between planets in our solar system vary based on their positions in their orbits. The average distance between Earth and Mars, for example, is about 140 million miles (225 million kilometers).
The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable space station that serves as a laboratory and living space for astronauts from different countries. It orbits Earth and allows for scientific research in microgravity.
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. It is more than 11 times the diameter of Earth and has a mass more than 300 times that of Earth.
Stars go through various stages in their life cycle, starting from the formation of a protostar, evolving into a main-sequence star, and eventually ending as a white dwarf, neutron star, or in the case of massive stars, a supernova and possibly a black hole.
The Milky Way is the galaxy in which Earth and our solar system are located. It is a barred spiral galaxy that contains billions of stars, as well as gas, dust, and other celestial objects.
Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. It is a barred spiral galaxy that contains billions of stars, including our Sun.
The origin of the universe is believed to be the Big Bang, a powerful explosion that occurred approximately 13.8 billion years ago. This event marked the beginning of the expansion of space and the formation of all matter and energy.
The red planet is a common nickname for Mars due to its reddish appearance, caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface.
The size of the universe is still unknown. It is believed to be at least 93 billion light-years in diameter, based on observable data.
The surface temperature of Venus is extremely hot, averaging around 900 degrees Fahrenheit (475 degrees Celsius), making it the hottest planet in our solar system.
The universe is primarily made up of dark matter and dark energy, which together make up about 95% of its total mass-energy. The remaining 5% consists of normal matter, including stars, galaxies, and all visible objects.
The zodiac is a band of the sky divided into twelve equal parts, each named after the constellation that appears in that region. It is used in astrology to describe the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets.
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star, often referred to as a yellow dwarf. It is classified as a type G2V star.
The solar system is composed of the Sun, eight planets, their moons, asteroids, comets, and other smaller celestial bodies.
The first man-made object to reach space was the Soviet Union’s Sputnik 1, which was launched on October 4, 1957.
The first manned mission to the Moon was Apollo 11, which successfully landed two astronauts, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969.
The first human to travel to space was Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut, on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft.
The last manned mission to the Moon was Apollo 17, which took place in December 1972. It was the sixth and final mission of NASA’s Apollo program.
The Sun will eventually exhaust its nuclear fuel and undergo changes. It is estimated that in about 5 billion years, it will become a red giant and eventually shed its outer layers, leaving behind a dense core known as a white dwarf.
The rings of Saturn are located around the planet’s equator. They extend outward from the planet and are made primarily of ice particles.
The boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and space is not precisely defined but is commonly considered to be around 62 miles (100 kilometers) above sea level.
The Hubble Space Telescope orbits Earth at an altitude of about 340 miles (550 kilometers) above the Earth’s surface.
The International Space Station (ISS) orbits Earth at an altitude of about 250 miles (400 kilometers) above the Earth’s surface.
The Mars rover Perseverance is exploring the Jezero Crater on Mars, a region believed to have once contained a lake and potentially preserved signs of ancient microbial life.
The Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft have both exited the solar system and are currently in interstellar space, traveling beyond the influence of our Sun.
The first soft landing on the Moon was achieved by the Soviet Union’s Luna 2 spacecraft on September 13, 1959.
Mars is called the Red Planet because of its reddish appearance, caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface.
The sky appears blue during the day due to a phenomenon known as Rayleigh scattering. The Earth’s atmosphere scatters shorter wavelengths of light, such as blue and violet, more than longer wavelengths, making the sky appear blue.
The Hubble Space Telescope was named after Edwin Hubble, an American astronomer who made significant contributions to the field of observational cosmology and demonstrated that the universe is expanding.
