National Space Governance | New Space Economy

Flowchart of Belgium’s space governance: BELSPO federal policy coordination, 2005 space law framework, national security strategy, regional actors Flanders Wallonia and Brussels-Capital, federal scientific institutes, international engagement with ESA EU and UN, and NewSpace industrial ecosystem.

BELGIUM SPACE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

Infographic comparing economic-impact space strategies focused on commercial services, jobs, and spin-offs with prestige strategies focused on national pride, crewed landings, deep-space probes, and scientific leadership, noting they enable each other.

NATIONAL SPACE PROGRAM STRATEGIES: ECONOMIC IMPACT VS. PRESTIGE MISSIONS

Infographic on detailing five categories—export controls and national security, tariffs and import restrictions, regulatory and licensing hurdles, data localization and digital barriers, and investment restrictions—plus emerging challenges of space debris and lack of property rights.

TRADE BARRIERS CONSTRAINING THE SPACE ECONOMY

Table summarizing trade-war effects on six space-economy sectors: overall market, satellite manufacturing, data services, launch infrastructure, investment, and international cooperation, covering growth drivers, barriers, disruptions, and strategic shifts.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL TRADE WAR ON THE SPACE ECONOMY

Infographic of national space policy elements with foundational principles in a central wheel, three pillars for civil, national security, and commercial space with listed activities and goals, cross-cutting enablers, and overall national objectives.

ELEMENTS OF A NATIONAL SPACE POLICY

Infographic of Netherlands space sector governance showing ministries, Inter-Ministerial Steering Committee for Space, Netherlands Space Office, research institutes, advisory bodies, NL Space Campus ecosystem, and policy and legal framework.

GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE OF THE NETHERLANDS SPACE SECTOR

Hierarchical diagram of Türkiye’s space governance from the Presidency and Ministry of Industry and Technology down to the Turkish Space Agency (TUA), linked to the National Space Program, TÜBİTAK UZAY, Türksat, defense and aerospace companies, universities, key programs, and international partners.

TURKEY'S SPACE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE

Pyramid infographic of space governance hierarchy from international treaties at the top through national policy, domestic law, regulation, standards, and best practices at the base, with downward implementation and upward influence arrows.

HIERARCHY OF GOVERNANCE IN THE SPACE ECONOMY

Infographic detailing universities' four roles in the space economy—R&D powerhouses advancing space science and missions, cultivating future workforce through education and hands-on training, innovation and entrepreneurship hubs bridging to industry, and global collaboration shaping policy—with Earth and agency logos central.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE SPACE ECONOMY

Organizational chart of Thailand’s space governance: Cabinet and National Space Policy Committee above MHESI/GISTDA, DES National Space Affairs Division, Ministry of Defence units, NBTC, and a legal framework of Draft National Space Act, Master Plan, and international treaties.

THAILAND SPACE GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE