Space history on July 8
18 events
Solar corona interpreted as an atmosphere
Francis Baily’s eclipse observations supported interpreting the corona as part of the Sun.
- NASA — Solar science timeline (opens in a new tab) — Factual summary; source attribution retained.
Kosmos-123 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-123
Kosmos 63S1 launched on the Kosmos-123 flight from GTsP-4, Kapustin Yar, Volgograd, Rossiya, pad LC86/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Molniya-2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Molniya-2
Molniya 8K78M (ML) launched on the Molniya-2 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC41/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
HEXAGON SV12 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: HEXAGON SV12
Titan IIID launched on the HEXAGON SV12 flight from South Vandenberg AFB, California, pad SLC4E. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Palapa A1 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Palapa A1
Delta 2914 (C) launched on the Palapa A1 flight from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida, pad LC17A. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-839 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-839
Kosmos 11K65M launched on the Kosmos-839 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC132/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-926 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-926
Kosmos 11K65M launched on the Kosmos-926 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC132/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-1481 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-1481
Molniya 8K78M (2BL) launched on the Kosmos-1481 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC43/3. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-1666 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-1666
Tsiklon-3 launched on the Kosmos-1666 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC32/2. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-1865 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-1865
Soyuz-U launched on the Kosmos-1865 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Spacelab IML-2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Spacelab IML-2
Space Shuttle launched on the Spacelab IML-2 flight from NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida, pad LC39A. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
BS-3N/PAS 2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: BS-3N/PAS 2
Ariane 44L (44L+) launched on the BS-3N/PAS 2 flight from Centre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou, Guyane Francaise, pad ELA2. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Kosmos-2390/2391 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2390/2391
Kosmos 11K65M launched on the Kosmos-2390/2391 flight from 1-y Gosudarstvenniy Ispitatelniy Kosmodrom MO RF, pad LC132/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
MER-B — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: MER-B
Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, and nicknamed Oppy, is a robotic rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until 2018.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
- Wikipedia — Opportunity (MER-B) (opens in a new tab) — Adapted from Wikipedia contributors; selected sentences retained and edited for length, reference markers and pronunciation glosses. CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Article and edit history: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)
- Timeline of Space Exploration Missions 1957 to 2031 (opens in a new tab)
- NASA — Opportunity (MER-B) (opens in a new tab)
- NASA NSSDCA — Opportunity (MER-B) (opens in a new tab)
ISS ULF-7 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: ISS ULF-7
Station: International Space Station
Space Shuttle launched on the ISS ULF-7 flight from NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida, pad LC39A. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Meteor-M No. 2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Meteor-M No. 2
Soyuz-2-1B (Fregat) launched on the Meteor-M No. 2 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC31. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Turksat 6A — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Turksat 6A
Falcon 9 (FT5) launched on the Turksat 6A flight from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida, pad LC40. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.
Starlink-284 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight TestsType: Orbital launch
Mission: Starlink-284
Falcon 9 (FT5) launched on the Starlink-284 flight from Cape Canaveral Air Station, Florida, pad LC40. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records.