December 25 in Space History
26 events
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Predicted return of Halley’s Comet observed
Johann Georg Palitzsch detected the returning comet whose reappearance Halley had predicted.
- NASA HEASARC — 1700–1799 (opens in a new tab) — Factual summary; source attribution retained.
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Interkosmos-2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Interkosmos-2
Kosmos 11K63 launched on the Interkosmos-2 flight from GTsP-4, Kapustin Yar, Volgograd, Rossiya, pad LC86/4. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Molniya-1 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Molniya-1
Molniya 8K78M launched on the Molniya-1 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-469 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-469
Tsiklon-2 launched on the Kosmos-469 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC90/19. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-540 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-540
Kosmos 11K65M launched on the Kosmos-540 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC132/2. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Molniya-2 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Molniya-2
Molniya 8K78M launched on the Molniya-2 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC41/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Meteor — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Meteor
Vostok 8A92M launched on the Meteor flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC41/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Prognoz-8 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Prognoz-8
Molniya 8K78M (SOL) launched on the Prognoz-8 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC31. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-1905 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-1905
Soyuz-U launched on the Kosmos-1905 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC31. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Progress-39 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Progress-39
Soyuz-U2 launched on the Progress-39 flight from NIIP-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2227 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2227
Zenit-2 launched on the Kosmos-2227 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC45/1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2228 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2228
Tsiklon-3 launched on the Kosmos-2228 flight from 53-y Nauchno-Issledovatelskiy Ispitatelniy Poligon, pad LC32/2. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2394/2396 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2394/2396
Proton-K/DM-2 launched on the Kosmos-2394/2396 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC81/23. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2417/2419 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2417/2419
Proton-K/DM-2 launched on the Kosmos-2417/2419 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC81/24. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2424/2426 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2424/2426
Proton-K/DM-2 launched on the Kosmos-2424/2426 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC81/24. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2434/2436 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2434/2436
Proton-M/DM-2 launched on the Kosmos-2434/2436 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC81/24. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2447/2449 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2447/2449
Proton-M/DM-2 launched on the Kosmos-2447/2449 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC81/24. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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GSAT-5P — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests
Mission: GSAT-5P
GSLV Mk I (c) launched on the GSAT-5P flight from Satish Dhawan Space Ctr, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India, pad SLP. Launch failure.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2488/89/90/91 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2488/89/90/91
Rokot launched on the Kosmos-2488/89/90/91 flight from 1-y Gosudarstvenniy Ispitatelniy Kosmodrom MO RF, pad LC133/3. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Kosmos-2502 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Kosmos-2502
Soyuz-2-1B launched on the Kosmos-2502 flight from 1-y Gosudarstvenniy Ispitatelniy Kosmodrom MO RF, pad LC43/4. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Yaogan 30 03 zu — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Yaogan 30 03 zu
Chang Zheng 2C (b) launched on the Yaogan 30 03 zu flight from Xichang Space Center (Songlin), Sichuan, China, pad LC3. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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JWST — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: JWST
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
- Wikipedia — James Webb Space Telescope (opens in a new tab) — Adapted from Wikipedia contributors; selected sentences retained and edited for length, reference markers and pronunciation glosses. CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Article and edit history: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope (CC BY-SA 4.0)
- Timeline of Space Exploration Missions 1957 to 2031 (opens in a new tab)
- NASA — James Webb Space Telescope (opens in a new tab)
- NASA NSSDCA — James Webb Space Telescope (opens in a new tab)
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Shiyan-24C 1-3 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Shiyan-24C 1-3
Chang Zheng 11 (H) launched on the Shiyan-24C 1-3 flight from Yangjiang launch area, pad LP1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Resurs-P No. 5 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Resurs-P No. 5
Soyuz-2-1B launched on the Resurs-P No. 5 flight from GIK-5, Baykonur, Kazakstan, pad LC31. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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Obzor-R No. 1 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: Obzor-R No. 1
Soyuz-2-1A launched on the Obzor-R No. 1 flight from 1-y Gosudarstvenniy Ispitatelniy Kosmodrom MO RF, pad LC43/4?. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)
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WHDW 17 — launch
Category: Launches and Flight Tests, type: Orbital launch
Mission: WHDW 17
Chang Zheng 8A launched on the WHDW 17 flight from Hainan Shangye Hangtian Fashe Chang (Hainan Commercial Space Launch Site), pad LC1. Launch vehicle success.
- Jonathan McDowell — General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects (opens in a new tab) — Data from GCAT (J. McDowell, planet4589.org/space/gcat), CC BY 4.0. Adapted into anniversary records. (CC BY 4.0)