Venera 2MV-1 No.1, also known as Sputnik 19 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme. The spacecraft was based on the multi-purpose 2MV design, so that it could survive conditions on both Venus and Mars with only slight variations. It was the first of 3 2MV spacecraft destined to Venus, with 3 more destined to Mars. Due to a problem with its upper stage it failed to leave low Earth orbit, and re-entered the atmosphere a few days later. It was the first of two Venera 2MV-1 spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_19. Original timeline Wikipedia link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_program. Related NASA reference: https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/chronology.html#1962. Description adapted from Wikipedia contributors (CC BY-SA 4.0; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).