The advent of the space age has not only revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos but has also opened up new avenues for economic development. One of the key structures that have emerged in this new frontier is the concept of “orbital shells”—specific altitudinal bands around Earth where satellites and other man-made objects are placed in orbit. These shells serve as the backbone of the emerging space economy, supporting a wide range of services from telecommunications and Earth observation to scientific research and national security. This article reviews the types, applications, economic implications, and challenges associated with orbital shells.

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