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OSIRIS-REx: A Journey to Asteroid Bennu and Back

NASA’s OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security – Regolith Explorer) is the first U.S. mission to collect a sample from an asteroid and return it to Earth. Launched on September 8, 2016, the spacecraft arrived at asteroid Bennu in December 2018 and collected a sample from its surface on October 20, 2020. The mission aims to deliver the largest asteroid sample ever received on Earth, estimated to hold about half a pound of Bennu’s material or 8.8 ounces +/- 3.6 ounces (250 grams +/- 101 grams).

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The Asteroid Belt and Its Relevance to the Space Economy

The asteroid belt, located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, consists of a large number of rocky and metallic bodies that vary in size from small boulders to objects that are hundreds of kilometers in diameter. While often portrayed as a densely packed region in popular culture, the asteroid belt is actually quite sparse, with vast distances separating individual asteroids. Nonetheless, this region presents significant opportunities for scientific research, mineral extraction, and commercial ventures. This article reviews the characteristics of the asteroid belt and discusses its growing importance in the realm of the space economy.

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The Torino Scale: Categorizing the Threat of Asteroid Impacts

In the late 1990s, scientists recognized the need for a systematic way to categorize and communicate risks associated with asteroid and comet impacts. To address this, Professor Richard Binzel at the University of Torino, Italy developed the Torino Scale in 1999. This 0 to 10 point scale became one of the first standardized threat rating systems adopted by NASA and space agencies worldwide.

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