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Space and National Security – A Quick Overview

The strategic importance of space for national security cannot be overstated. Once the frontier of scientific exploration and technological advancement, space has evolved to become an integral part of national security frameworks globally. From satellite-based navigation systems to intelligence gathering and military communications, the utilization of space has become deeply embedded in the functioning of modern defense systems. This article provides an overview of the many facets of space as they relate to national security, including satellite technology, space warfare, international law, ethical considerations, and the concept of space as critical infrastructure.

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What is Very Low Earth Orbit and its Relevance to the Space Economy?

Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) refers to the region of Earth’s orbit located at altitudes roughly ranging from 160 to 200 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Orbits in this range are situated below Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which typically extends up to about 2,000 kilometers. VLEO is characterized by high atmospheric drag due to the remnants of Earth’s atmosphere at these altitudes. Satellites and other objects in VLEO must contend with significant resistance, which generally requires additional fuel for station-keeping maneuvers to maintain orbit.

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Not-for-Profit Organizations and Relevance to the Space Economy

The space economy covers a broad spectrum of activities, from scientific research and exploration missions to commercial ventures and policy advocacy. While governmental agencies and private companies are frequently highlighted in this context, not-for-profit organizations also play a meaningful role. They contribute to advocacy, education, and research, among other pursuits, acting as key stakeholders in the broader ecosystem.

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What Does the Phrase “Commercialization of Space” Mean?

The phrase “commercialization of space” refers to the involvement of private enterprises in the development, launch, and exploitation of space-related technologies and services. Traditionally, space exploration and activities were primarily the domain of government agencies such as NASA in the United States, Roscosmos in Russia, and the European Space Agency in Europe. These organizations undertook missions that were funded by taxpayer money and were generally focused on scientific research, national security, and technological innovation. However, the landscape has changed significantly in recent years with the entry of private companies into the sector.

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What is the OECD and its Relevance to the Space Economy?

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organization that was established on December 14, 1960. Its headquarters is located in Paris, France. The organization serves as a forum for governments from around the world to collaborate on key global issues, including economic policy, social welfare, education, trade, and environmental sustainability. Initially founded by 18 European countries, the United States, and Canada, the OECD has since expanded to include 38 member countries from diverse regions including North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific.