Paper: Concept for 2033 Crewed Mars Orbital Mission with Venus Flyby (JPL 2023)
The 2033 Mars launch period offers a unique opportunity for a crewed Mars orbital mission with a total flight time of only 1.6 years. The mission concept aims to minimize development and mission risk by using conventional hypergolic in-space propulsion stages with a common design. The Mars mission vehicle would include a Mars transit habitat, an Orion spacecraft, and chemical propulsion stages. It would be launched by a combination of Space Launch System and commercial rockets to be aggregated in high Earth orbit or at the Lunar Gateway.
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