Private LEO and cisLunar Crewed Spaceflight Missions from the Past to the Future

This article provides a timeline of past, planned and proposed private LEO and cisLunar crewed spaceflight missions. For information on space stations see Space Stations Current and Future. For information on crewed spaceflight vehicles see Crewed Spacecraft from the Past to the Future.

September 2021

Inspiration4

Crew Dragon
LEO
2 days and 23 hours mission duration
4 customers
First orbital flight with all civilian crew

April 2022

Axiom Ax-1

Crew Dragon
LEO
ISS destination
17 days mission duration
1 Axiom employee and 3 customers
First all civilian crew to visit the ISS
25 experiments performed while resident on ISS

March 2023E

Polaris Dawn

Crew Dragon
LEO
5 days mission duration
2 SpaceX employees and 2 customers
First private spacewalk
Highest Earth orbit ever flown

2023E

Axiom Ax-2

Crew Dragon
LEO
ISS destination
12 days mission duration
1 Axiom employee and 3 paying customers

2023E

Axiom Ax-3

Crew Dragon
LEO
ISS destination
1 Axiom employee and 3 customers

2023/2024E

Axiom Ax-4

Crew Dragon
LEO
ISS destination
1 Axiom employee and 3 customers

2023E

dearMoon

Starship
cisLunar
6 days duration
1 – 2 SpaceX employees and 9 customers
First all civilian mission to visit the moon

No Forecast

Axiom Ax-n

Crew Dragon or Starliner
LEO
ISS or Commercial Space Station destination
1 Axiom employee and 3 customers

No Forecast

Polaris Mission 2

Crew Dragon
Possible Hubble telescope reboost mission

No Forecast

Polaris Mission 3

Starship
To be announced

No Forecast

SpaceX All Civilian Moon Flight

Starship
cisLunar
6 days duration
Dennis Tito and wife +10 additional passengers/crew
Second all civilian mission to visit the moon

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