The International Space Station (ISS) has been a focal point for numerous scientific studies, but the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment (SQuARE) stands out as a pioneering archaeological project conducted in space. Between January and March 2022, the ISS crew embarked on this innovative experiment with dual aims: to explore human adaptation to life in space through the lens of material culture and to test archaeological research methodologies in a microgravity environment.
SQuARE, designed to capture the dynamic interactions between the crew and their environment, leveraged a novel approach by marking out specific areas (squares) within the ISS for detailed study. This method, inspired by terrestrial archaeological practices, aimed to provide insights into the spatial and functional use of the station over time. The experiment’s objectives were multifaceted, focusing not only on understanding the use of space and objects aboard the ISS but also on developing remote archaeological techniques and highlighting the relevance of social sciences in space habitation research.
Methodology
The methodology behind SQuARE was meticulously planned, involving daily photographic documentation of six predetermined squares within the ISS to monitor changes and uses over time. This innovative approach allowed the team to observe and analyze the crew’s interaction with their environment, identifying discrepancies between intended and actual uses of space and equipment.
Results and Analysis
Initial findings from two of the squares revealed significant insights. One square, located in an equipment maintenance area, and another near exercise equipment, showcased a divergence between designed purpose and practical use, with the former serving predominantly for storage and the latter for personal hygiene activities. This discrepancy underscores the adaptability of space crews and the need for flexible design in space habitats.
Discussion
The SQuARE experiment underscores the importance of considering human factors in the design and utilization of space habitats. It demonstrates that material culture in space—like on Earth—evolves based on the users’ needs, often diverging from its intended function. This project not only contributes to our understanding of life in space but also opens up new avenues for archaeological and anthropological research in extraterrestrial environments.
Conclusion
SQuARE represents a significant step forward in the field of space archaeology, offering a unique perspective on the human aspect of space exploration. By applying archaeological methods to the study of the ISS, the project provides valuable insights into the adaptation of humans to space, the evolution of material culture in microgravity, and the potential for future interdisciplinary research in space habitats.
For those interested in exploring the detailed findings and methodology of the SQuARE experiment, the full report contains comprehensive data, analysis, and implications for both space habitation and the field of archaeology.
