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Exploring the Realities of Reduced Gravity: Microgravity vs. Zero Gravity on the ISS

The International Space Station (ISS) serves as a cornerstone for scientific research and technological development in outer space. One of the most unique aspects of the ISS is its microgravity environment, which allows researchers to conduct experiments that would be difficult or impossible to perform under Earth’s gravitational pull. However, it’s important to clarify that the microgravity of the ISS is not the same as “zero gravity,” a term sometimes used colloquially but inaccurately. Moreover, the ISS’s specific orbit and inherent vibrations also have an influence on the microgravity environment. This article provides a look at these aspects related to microgravity on the ISS.

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Overview of the SpaceX Starship

SpaceX Starship serves as a fully reusable spacecraft designed and developed by SpaceX, the American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation company. Founded by Elon Musk, SpaceX seeks to revolutionize space travel and make it more cost-effective. The Starship project plays a central role in this vision. The spacecraft is intended to carry both crew and cargo to destinations such as the Moon, Mars, and potentially beyond.

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Paper: Humans to Mars Will Cost About “Half a Trillion Dollars” (NASA 2016)

The paper was presented at the 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems and discusses the estimated costs of a human mission to Mars. According to the document, the cost of the first human mission to Mars could be around “half a trillion dollars”. This estimate is consistent with most past estimates. Using mass-cost estimating factors based on the International Space Station (ISS) and other experiences, the cost of life support for the Mars mission could be two billion dollars or more. The cost to go to Mars is expected to be two or three times that of either Apollo, space shuttle, or ISS and could be as much as all three together.

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What Does the Phrase “Commercialization of Space” Mean?

The phrase “commercialization of space” refers to the involvement of private enterprises in the development, launch, and exploitation of space-related technologies and services. Traditionally, space exploration and activities were primarily the domain of government agencies such as NASA in the United States, Roscosmos in Russia, and the European Space Agency in Europe. These organizations undertook missions that were funded by taxpayer money and were generally focused on scientific research, national security, and technological innovation. However, the landscape has changed significantly in recent years with the entry of private companies into the sector.

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